最近做了一些Spring Boot單元測試方面的東西，總結一下。

單元測試盡量要和Spring Boot框架減少耦合度，當你在測試某一項功能點是需要mock太多的對象時你就應該意識到這個功能點的耦合度太高了

使用Constructor Injection，不要使用Field Injection。這樣才能更容易寫單元測試代碼。在Spring Framework 4.3以後，如果你只有一個Constructor, [email protected]，Spring會默認他是autowire目標:

public class OrderEntryServiceImpl implements OrderEntryService {    
    private OrderEntryRepository orderEntryRepository;
    public OrderEntryServiceImpl(OrderEntryRepository repository)
    {
        orderEntryRepository=repository;
    }
}

這樣的話在單元測試中初始化對象就很容易

public class OrderEntryServiceTest {

    @MockBean
    private OrderEntryRepository orderEntryRepository;
    private OrderEntryService service;

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        orderEntryRepository=Mockito.mock(OrderEntryRepository.class);
        service=new OrderEntryServiceImpl(orderEntryRepository);
    }
    private OrderEntry orderEntry=new OrderEntry();

    @Test
    public void findByIdTest()
    {
        Mockito.when(orderEntryRepository.findOne(Mockito.anyLong())).thenReturn(orderEntry);
        OrderEntry entry=service.findById(new Long(1));
        assertEquals(entry.getId(),orderEntry.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void updateEntryTest() throws Exception
    {
        final String orderEntryJson = IOUtils.toString(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/static/meta-data/orderentry-example.json"),
                CharEncoding.UTF_8
        );
        ObjectMapper mapper= ObjectMapperFactory.getInstance();
        
        Mockito.when(orderEntryRepository.getOne(Mockito.anyLong())).thenReturn(orderEntry);
        Mockito.doAnswer(returnsFirstArg()).when(orderEntryRepository).save(Mockito.any(OrderEntry.class));
        OrderEntry entry =service.update(new Long(1),mapper.readTree(orderJson));
        assertEquals(new Long(2),entry.getQuantity());
        assertEquals(new Double(10),entry.getUnitPrice());
    }
}

測試Spring Repository，[email protected]，[email protected]tory的功能了。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@DataJpaTestpublic class ClientRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;    
    @Autowired
    private ClientRepository clientRepository;    
    @Test
    public void testFindByName() {
        entityManager.persist(new Client("Wang"));

        Optional<Client> client = clientRepository.findByName("Wang");
        assertEquals("Wang", client.get().getName());
    }
}

測試JSON的序列化和反序列化，[email protected]

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@JsonTestpublic 
class CustomerJsonTests {

    private JacksonTester<Customer> json;

    @Test
    public void serializeJson() {
        Customer customer= new Customer(
            "wang");

        assertThat(this.json.write(details))
            .extractingJsonPathStringValue("@.name")
            .isEqualTo("wang");
    }
}

測試Spring MVC Controller，[email protected]

@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;

@MockBean
private OrderEntryService orderEntryService;

@Test
public void updateOrderEntryByIDTest() throws Exception
{
    final String orderEntryJson = IOUtils.toString(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/static/meta-data/orderentry-example.json"),
            CharEncoding.UTF_8
    );
    Mockito.when(orderEntryService.findById(Mockito.anyLong())).thenReturn(entry);
    RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.patch("/orderentries/1").accept(
            MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .contentType(contentType)
            .content(orderEntryJson);
    MvcResult result= mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
    assertEquals(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED.value(),result.getResponse().getStatus());

本文出自 “隨手筆記” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://wangjiong.blog.51cto.com/10810468/1922584

Spring Boot的單元測試(Unit Test)