1. 程式人生 > >git命令

git命令

rebase reset checkout push fetch

設置pull時候rebase

$ git config branch.master.rebase true

$ git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always


遠程分支刪除後本地更新

git remote prune origin


git命令介紹

一、git clone

第一種:git clone <repository> <directory> 克隆的相當於工作區。

第二種:git clone --bare <repository> <directory> 克隆的是祼版本庫,gerrit 和gitlab上獲取項目用的就是這個命令。

第三種:git clone --mirror <repository> <directory> 也是祼版本庫,區別於第二種是,對上遊版本進行了註冊,可以用git fetch命令持續同步。


git clone ssh:[email protected]:29418/rrx_java_common


二、git add

git add .

git add -A [<path>]表示把<path>中所有tracked文件中被修改過或已刪除文件和所有untracted的文件信息添加到索引庫。

git add file //這種用法是比較推薦的


三、git commit

git commit -m "msg"

git commit --amend //對上一次提交的補充,不生成新的提交id(如果是gerrit,也不生成changeId);

git commit -C commit //引用commit 的提交信息。


四、git push <遠程主機名> <本地分支名>:<遠程分支名>

4.1 git push origin master:master //是指將本地分支master推送到遠程(origin)master分支上,當第一次提交項目,這是必須的。也可以寫成git push origin master

4.2 git push origin tagName //提交tag

例子:

git tag A -m "add a"

git push origin A

Counting objects: 4, done.

Delta compression using up to 4 threads.

Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.

Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 454 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.

Total 4 (delta 0), reused 2 (delta 0)

remote: Processing changes: refs: 1, done

To ssh:[email protected]:29418/test_gerrit

* [new tag] A -> A

==============================


4.3 git push origin --delete tagName 刪除tag //gitlib 好用,gerrit目前不能用

例子:

git push origin --delete A

To https://git.oschina.net/ygnup/alert.git

- [deleted] A

=================================

4.4 git push origin branchName:branchName //提交分支branchName到分支上去

例子:

git branch mtest

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git push origin mtest:mtest

Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)

remote: Processing changes: closed: 53, refs: 1, done

To ssh:[email protected]:29418/test_gerrit

* [new branch] mtest -> mtest

=================================

4.5 git push origin :branchName 或 git push origin --delete branchName //刪除分支, //gitlib 好用,gerrit目前不能用

例子:


git branch -a

a_t

* master

remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master

remotes/origin/m

remotes/origin/master


bogon:alert yin197$ git push origin :m

To https://git.oschina.net/ygnup/alert.git

- [deleted] m

=================================



五、git reset

1.git reset [-q] [&lt;commit&gt;] [--] &lt;paths&gt; ...

如果包含路徑,不會重置引用,更不會改變工作區,而是用指定的提交狀態(&lt;commit&gt;)下的文件 替換掉暫存區的文件。

例子:

git rev-parse HEAD origin/master

b7d32903e360f9d57983c2506ee950ff9334680c

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70 -- a

Unstaged changes after reset:

M a

2.git reset [--soft | --maxed | --hard | --merge | --keep ] [-q] [&lt;commit&gt; ]

3.git reset commitId .替換引用指向,替換緩存區。

例子:

git rev-parse HEAD origin/master

105f41859d7d0099370d54bcfc284eca30cd04a3

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch master

Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 5 commits.

(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

nothing to commit, working directory clean

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

Unstaged changes after reset:

M a

D b

D c

D d

D e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD origin/master

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch master

Your branch is up-to-date with ‘origin/master‘.

Changes not staged for commit:

(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)

(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)


modified: a

deleted: b

deleted: c

deleted: d

deleted: e


no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a

4.git reset --soft commitId ,只替換引用。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch master

Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 5 commits.

(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

nothing to commit, working directory clean


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset --soft b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch master

Your branch is up-to-date with ‘origin/master‘.

Changes to be committed:

(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)


modified: a

deleted: b

deleted: c

deleted: d

deleted: e


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

5. git reset --hard commitId ,替換引用指向,替換緩存區,替換工作區。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset --hard origin/master

HEAD is now at b759447 add e1

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e


六、git checkout

1. git checkout [&lt;commit&gt;] [--] &lt;path&gt; ...

如果 commit 省略,相當於從暫存區中獲取數據,替換工作區的指定文件。不會改變頭指針。

如果 不省略commit,相當於從commit 揀出分支中的文件,替換掉暫存區和工作區。不會改變頭指針。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset --hard origin/master

HEAD is now at b759447 add e1

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git reset --hard 2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

HEAD is now at 2b6bb7a ma

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70 -- b

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b

2.git checkout [&lt;branch&gt;]

會改變頭指針,之所以後會寫成branch是因為只有是分支,HEAD才會被跟蹤,否則會進入“分離頭指針”。分離頭指針下,

提交不能被引用關聯,可能丟失。所以這種用法主要是為了切換分支。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git branch -a

good

* master

mb

mtest

remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master

remotes/origin/good

remotes/origin/master

remotes/origin/mtest

remotes/origin/my_branch_gerrit

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch master

Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 5 commits.

(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes to be committed:

(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)


new file: b


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout good

Switched to branch ‘good‘

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch good

nothing to commit, working directory clean

======================================

3.git checkout [-b] &lt;new_branch&gt; [&lt;start_point&gt;]

該用法主要是創建分支 new_branch,以start_point創建提交開始,同時切換到new_branch分支上。


七、git stash

git stash //用於保存當前工作區文件和暫存區文件狀態到內存中,以便於執行其他分支任務,待其他任務執行完成後,可恢復。

git stash pop //恢復上次保存的工作進度。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout good

Switched to branch ‘good‘

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch good

nothing to commit, working directory clean

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ vim f

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git add f

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ echo good >> f

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git status

On branch good

Changes to be committed:

(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)


new file: f


Changes not staged for commit:

(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)


modified: f


bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git stash

Saved working directory and index state WIP on good: 2ac3c1d m e

HEAD is now at 2ac3c1d m e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout master

Switched to branch ‘master‘

Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 5 commits.

(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout mb

Switched to branch ‘mb‘

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git checkout good

Switched to branch ‘good‘

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ ls

a b c d e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git stash pop

On branch good

Changes to be committed:

(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)


new file: f


Dropped refs/stash@{0} (c9c49262bdef9cfe1382c87d3a2b117ed7ebeb0d)

========================================================


八、git fetch 和 git pull

git fetch <==> git fetch origin +refsheads/*:refs/remote/origin/* //將遠程版本庫的所有分支復制為本地遠程分支。

git fetch origin/master //從遠程的origin的master主分支下載最新的版本到origin/master分支上

//只會覆蓋本地 origin/master 分支,本地master ,HEAD 引用都不發生變化。

//這一點在理解用rebase命令時非常有用。

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

2ac3c1d721439c4684477351bd8a00da3ee546e4

2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git fetch

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

2ac3c1d721439c4684477351bd8a00da3ee546e4

2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git fetch origin master

From ssh://10.10.159.210:29418/test_gerrit

* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master

2ac3c1d721439c4684477351bd8a00da3ee546e4

2b6bb7a810c8a8a89ea928b0e9e79914a98b902e

b7594472f3e4a34129277ebf74ca5fd520daba70


git pull origin/master = git fetch origin/master + git merge origin/master


九、git rebase 和 git merge [[http://gitbook.liuhui998.com/4_2.html]]

git rebase --onto newbase since till

基於newbase 提交,從 since提交 但不包括since 到 till提交做一個順序的重復提交。

相當於 以下幾個步驟:

1.git checkout newbase //相當於git reset --hard newbase

2.將since 到 till的所有版本在newbase依次提交,不包含since,但包含till.

如果遇到沖突會中止,先解決沖突,再提交。再執行git rebase --continue

直至完成。

例子:

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git log --oneline -10

fadb845 add e

ef2c6a6 add d

e18d3e3 add c

839b69f add b

2b6bb7a ma

fe70ae9 mj

b7d3290 ma

b369e44 add a

a7b8d45 del abcde

b759447 add e1

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git rebase --onto B C E

First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...

Applying: add d

Applying: add e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git log --oneline -10

f6bb914 add e

f986796 add d

839b69f add b

2b6bb7a ma

fe70ae9 mj

b7d3290 ma

b369e44 add a

a7b8d45 del abcde

b759447 add e1

39988d5 add e

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$



十、git log

git log --oneline --decorate //可以看到提交對應的tag及其他引用。

git log --graph --pretty=oneline | head -5 //會顯示和分支合並情況

git log --pretty=oneline -5 只顯示5行。

git reflog --oneline | head -5 //查看當前引用的記錄


十一、git branch

git branch -r //查看遠程分支

git show-ref //查看所有本地分支

git ls-remote //查看遠程分支

git branch -a 查看所有分支

git branch -D br //強制刪除本地分支

git push origin the_branch //向遠程推送分支

git push origin :the_branch //刪除遠程 the_branch,在分git上可用,gerrit上現在有問題。

git branch newbranch //創建分支

git checkout -b newbranch master <==> git branch newbranch && git checkout master

git branch -m oldbranch newbranch //修改分支名稱,如果有其他分支引用,則修改失敗。這時可以用 -M參數

git branch -M oldbranch newbranch //強制修改分支名稱

git push origin mb:mb //向遠程推送分支

十二、git tag


git tag //顯示tag列表

git tag tag_name -m "tag msg" //打tag

git tag -a production_v6 -m ‘說明‘ : 打一個標簽 , 作為記錄

git push origin tag tag_name //推送到遠程服務器 也可以用 git push origin tag_name

git tag -D tag_name //刪除本地tag

git push origin --delete tag tag_name //刪除遠程tag

git ls-remote --tags : 列出服務器所有的標簽


十三、git remote

git remote -v //查看origin 地址

git remote update //更新遠程版本庫

git remote prune origin //刷新本地遠程分支,當本地分支在遠程不存在時,會被清空。[[http://www.cnblogs.com/wangiqngpei557/p/6058115.html?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral]]

git remote show origin //來查看有關於origin的一些信息,包括分支是否tracking


十四、git rev-parse

查看指定分支的提交Id ,如:git rev-parse HEAD master origin/master


十五、git config

以下兩個命令任何位置都可以,是全局的。

git config --global user.name "zhangsan"

git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

以下命令只能在項目內部使用

git config remote.origin.push refs/heads/*:refs/for/*

git config branch.&lt;branchname&gt;.rebase true // 為分支設置git pull 命令執行的是 git rebase命令。

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always

bogon:test_gerrit yin197$ git pull

First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...

Applying: add a

Applying: ma

Applying: mj

Applying: ma

Applying: add b

Applying: add c

Applying: add d

Applying: add e

意思是git push 命令相當於執行:

git push 相當於執行: git push refs/heads/*:refs/for/* ,是將本地分支 refs/heads/* 的分支,提交到遠程分支 refs/for/*

也可以編輯文件:git config -e --global

十六、git cherry-pick


git cherry-pick <commit> //用指定分支與當前分支自動合並,如果不沖突,生成新的提交id,如果沖突,解決沖突,手動提交,生成新的提交id.


本文出自 “12006258” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://12016258.blog.51cto.com/12006258/1930682

git命令