（實際應用）ELK環境搭建
今天給大家帶來的是開源實時日誌分析 ELK , ELK 由 ElasticSearch 、 Logstash 和 Kiabana 三個開源工具組成。官方網站：https://www.elastic.co
其中的3個軟件是：
Elasticsearch 是個開源分布式搜索引擎，它的特點有：分布式，零配置，自動發現，索引自動分片，索引副本機制， restful 風格接口，多數據源，自動搜索負載等。
Logstash 是一個完全開源的工具，他可以對你的日誌進行收集、分析，並將其存儲供以後使用（如，搜索）。
kibana 也是一個開源和免費的工具，他 Kibana 可以為 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日誌分析友好的 Web 界面，可以幫助您匯總、分析和搜索重要數據日誌
| 系統 | 系統需要安裝的軟件 | ip | 描述 |
| centos6.5 | Elasticsearch/test5 | 192.168.253.210 | 搜索存儲日誌 |
| centos6.5 | Elasticsearch/test4 | 192.168.253.200 | 搜索存儲日誌 |
| centos6.5 | Logstash/nginx/test1 | 192.168.253.150 | 用來收集日誌給上面 |
| centos6.5 | Kibana/nginx/test2 | 192.168.253.100 | 用來後端的展示 |
架構原理圖：
一、先安裝elasticsearch集群，並測試通過再進行其他軟件安裝。
在test5，test4上安裝分別安裝elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm 前提要安裝java1.8 步驟如下：
yum remove java-1.7.0-openjdk
rpm -ivh jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
java -version
yum localinstall elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm -y
service elasticsearch start
cd /etc/elasticsearch/
vim elasticsearch.yml
修改如下配置
cluster.name: myelk #設置集群的名稱,在一個集群裏面都是這個名稱，必須相同
node.name: test5 #設置每一個節點的名，每個節點的名稱必須不一樣。
path.data: /path/to/data #指定數據的存放位置，線上的機器這個要放到單一的大分區裏面。
path.logs: /path/to/logs #日誌的目錄
bootstrap.mlockall: true #啟動最優內存配置，啟動就分配了足夠的內存，性能會好很多，測試我就不啟動了。
network.host: 0.0.0.0 #監聽的ip地址，這個表示所有的地址。
http.port: 9200 #監聽的端口號
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["hostip", "hostip"] #知道集群的ip有那些，沒有集群就會出現就一臺工作
mkdir -pv /path/to/{data,logs}
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /path -R
啟動服務器 service elasticsearch start 並查看監控端口啟動
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tln
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::54411 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::9200 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::9300 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:51574 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
兩臺的配置都一樣就是上面的IP和note名稱要配置不一樣就行
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tln
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:45822 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::39620 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::9200 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::9300 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
安裝插件 head和kopf 之後訪問 ip:9200/_plugin/head 和ip:9200/_plugin/kopf （插件可以圖形查看elasticsearch的狀態和刪除創建索引）
/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
[[email protected]]# /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...
Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed kopf into /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/kopf
[[email protected] ]# /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
-> Installing mobz/elasticsearch-head...
Trying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed head into /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/head
二、安裝nginx和logstash軟件
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel
nginx-1.8.1-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm
logstash-2.3.3-1.noarch.rpm
jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
在test1上安裝好nginx服務 就是收集它的日誌呢
日誌在/var/log/nginx/access.log
然後在test1上安裝logstash-2.3.3-1.noarch.rpm
yum remove java-1.7.0-openjdk
rpm -ivh jdk-8u91-linux-x64.rpm
rpm -ivh logstash-2.3.3-1.noarch.rpm
/etc/init.d/logstash start #啟動服務
/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e "input {stdin{}} output{stdout{ codec=>"rubydebug"}}" #檢測環境 執行這個命令檢測環境正常否，啟動完成後 直接輸入東西就會出現
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
hello world
{
"message" => "hello world",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2017-05-24T08:04:46.993Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
之後輸入/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e ‘input {stdin{}} output{ elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.253.200:9200"] index => "test"}}‘
就是輸入東西到253.200的elasticsearch上 會在/path/to/data/myelk/nodes/0/indices 生成你名稱test索引文件目錄 可以多輸入幾個到253.200的目錄看看有沒有文件有就證明正常。
[[email protected] ~]# ls /path/to/data/myelk/nodes/0/indices/
test
之後在test1的/etc/logstash/conf.d 建立以.conf結尾的配置文件，我收集nginx就叫nginx.conf了內容如下
[[email protected] nginx]# cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# ls
nginx.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# cat nginx.conf
input {
file {
type => "accesslog"
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "accesslog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.253.200"]
index => "nginx-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
/etc/init.d/logstash configtest
ps -ef |grep java
/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f nginx.conf
之後在elasticearch查看有沒有索引生成。多訪問下nginx服務
如果沒有就修改這個文件
vi /etc/init.d/logstash
LS_USER=root ###把這裏換成root或者把訪問的日誌加個權限可以讓logstash可以讀取它 重啟服務就會生成索引了
LS_GROUP=root
LS_HOME=/var/lib/logstash
LS_HEAP_SIZE="1g"
LS_LOG_DIR=/var/log/logstash
LS_LOG_FILE="${LS_LOG_DIR}/$name.log"
LS_CONF_DIR=/etc/logstash/conf.d
LS_OPEN_FILES=16384
LS_NICE=19
KILL_ON_STOP_TIMEOUT=${KILL_ON_STOP_TIMEOUT-0} #default value is zero to this variable but could be updated by user request
LS_OPTS=""
test4查看：
[[email protected] ~]# ls /path/to/data/myelk/nodes/0/indices/
nginx-access-2017.05.23 test
[[email protected] logstash]# cat logstash.log
{:timestamp=>"2017-05-24T16:05:19.659000+0800", :message=>"Pipeline main started"}
三、安裝kibana軟件
上面的都安裝完成後在test2上面安裝kibana
rpm -ivh kibana-4.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm
編輯配置文件在這裏/opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml 就修改下面幾項就行
server.port: 5601 端口
server.host: "0.0.0.0" 監聽
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.48.200:9200" elasticsearch地址
/etc/init.d/kibana start 啟動服務
訪問kibana http://ip:5601
添加展示的索引，就是在上面定義的 nginx-access-2016.07.03
配置kibana上面的收集Nginx日誌的logstash
在kibana那臺服務器上面安裝logstash（按照之前的步驟安裝）
然後再logstash的/etc/logstash/conf.d/下面
寫一個配置文件：
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim nginx.conf
input {
file {
type => "accesslog"
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "accesslog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.253.200"]
index => "nginx-access-%{+MM.dd.YYYY}"
}
}
}
/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f nginx.conf
查看Elasticsearch中多出了一個以月-日-年的Nginx訪問日誌索引
[[email protected] ~]# ls /path/to/data/myelk/nodes/0/indices/
nginx-access-05.23.2017 nginx-access-2017.05.23 test
然後在kibana，瀏覽器上面按照之前的創建，生成一個新的日誌文件
四、其他的一些配置。
kibana是直接訪問的比較不安全，我們需要用nginx訪問代理，並設置權限用戶名和密碼訪問
先在kibana服務器上安裝nginx 不介紹了
在nginx裏面配置
#############################################################################
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
auth_basic "Restricted Access";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd.users; #密碼和用戶
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:5601; #代理kibana的5601之後就可以直接80訪問了
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
#############################################################################
創建密碼和用戶文件：htpasswd.users
需要安裝httpd-tool包先安裝它
htpasswd -bc /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd.users admin paswdadmin #前面是用戶後面是密碼
之後通過訪問需要密碼和用戶並且是80端口了
本文出自 “Change life Start fresh.” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://ahcwy.blog.51cto.com/9853317/1940684
（實際應用）ELK環境搭建