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Django中間件部分

ati admin django call generic 增刪改查 display 繼續 baidu

一、什麽是WSGI?

WEB框架的本質是一個socket服務端接收用戶請求,加工數據返回給客戶端(Django),但是Django沒有自帶socket需要使用 別人的 socket配合Django才能正常運行,socket有很多如下, 但是它們必須遵循一個規範 WSGI(web服務網關接口)這個所有socket都遵守的規範就是WSGI。

Django默認使用: wsgiref socket(並發性能低 測試使用)

在公司生產系統上一般用uwsgi+nginx+Django結合使用

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wsgiref +Django工作流程

1.socket 接受客戶端請求 做http請求解析(分割請求頭請求體)

2.wsgiref 把解析之後請求相關信息轉發 給 Django

3.Django框架開始從:中間件-->路由系統(url)-->視圖函數(views)、ORM操作(操作數據庫,增刪改查)、模板渲染(前端輸入數據)最終return字符串給socket

4.socket send (Django產出的字符串),返回客戶端

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Wsgi+Django
            from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
             
             
            def RunServer(environ, start_response):

                Django框架開始
                中間件
                路由系統
                視圖函數
                。。。。。
                
                start_response(
200 OK, [(Content-Type, text/html)]) return [bytes(<h1>Hello, web!</h1>, encoding=utf-8), ] if __name__ == __main__: httpd = make_server(127.0.0.1, 8000, RunServer) httpd.serve_forever()
View Code

二、MVC/MTV是什麽?

是不有人經常在你面前 裝B的提起 MVC 和MTV?

說白了就是做功能模塊的劃分,把不同的代碼放到不同的文件。

MVC

models(數據庫,模型)

views(html模板)

controllers(業務邏輯處理,函數) --> MVC

MTV

models(數據庫,模型)

templates(html模板)

views(業務邏輯處理函數) --> MTV (Django屬於 MTV)

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中間件:

http請求周期:
用戶在瀏覽器輸入url,在路由系統進行匹配,然後找到視圖函數,
然後取數據,拿模板渲染,把字符串返回給用戶

url----->中間件(管道)---->路由系統(url匹配)-->找到視圖函數,取數據,拿模板渲染,給用戶返回一個大的字符串

url------>中間件(class->class->class->class...)----->/login---------->def login(request)
中間件是由幾個類組成,經過類的方法

MIDDLEWARE = [
‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
]

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用戶發請求,發給中間件middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware的方法1,再依次經過各個中間件的方法1,
再發到視圖函數,視圖函數的返回值(return HttpResponse() render(),redirect() ) 
把返回值按照各個中間件的方法2返回給用戶

csrf:{%  csrf_token  %}

黑名單(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4,ip5,ip6......)
def process_request(self, request)
def process_response(self, request, response)

請求這裏不能有return返回值,響應這裏必須有返回值

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class Midlle1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print(m1.process_request)
        # return request 可以不寫,Django會自動傳遞
        如果請求寫返回值,不會繼續往下走,會提前結束
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print(m1.process_response)
        return response
        
class Midlle1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print(m1.process_request)
        # return request 可以不寫,Django會自動傳遞
        # return HttpResponse(不要再往下走了)
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print(m1.process_response)
        return response

class Midlle2(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print(m2.process_request)
        # return request 可以不寫,Django會自動傳遞
        # return HttpResponse(不要再往下走了)
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print(m2.process_response)
        return response
自定義中間件

Django 1.10版本之後,遇到return就返回,如果到了公司,有時候會遇到Django1.7或者1.8,遇到return 會找到最後的中間件的response,才返回

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from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self,request):
        print(m1.process_request)

    def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
        print(m1.process_view)

    def process_response(self,request,response):
        print(m1.process_response)
        return response

class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print(m2.process_request)

    def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
        print(m2.process_view)

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print(m2.process_response)
        return response

‘‘‘
m1.process_request
m2.process_request
m1.process_view
m2.process_view
test
m2.process_response
m1.process_response
‘‘‘
md.py 技術分享
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^admin/, admin.site.urls),
    url(r^test/, views.test),
    url(r^login/, views.login),
]
urls.py 技術分享
MIDDLEWARE = [
    django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware,
    django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware,
    django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware,
    django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware,
    django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware,
    django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware,
    django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware,
    md.M1,
    md.M2,
]
中間件註冊

終極版:

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from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect,render
class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self,request):
        print(m1.process_request)

    def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
        # print(callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)#路由匹配<function test at 0x000000BC53849A60> () {}
        print(m1.process_view)
        # response = callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
        # return response

    def process_response(self,request,response):
        print(m1.process_response)
        return response

    def process_exception(self,request,exception):
        print(m1.process_exception)

    def process_template_response(self,request,response):
        print(m1.process_template_response)
        return response
class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print(m2.process_request)
#view_func視圖函數:callback
    def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
        # print(callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)#<function test at 0x0000001B0F2E9A60> () {}
        print(m2.process_view)
        # response = callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
        # return response
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print(m2.process_response)
        return response
    def process_exception(self,request,exception):
        print(m2.process_exception)
        return HttpResponse(錯誤了......)

    def process_template_response(self,request,response):
        print(m2.process_template_response)
        return response
    """
    視圖函數的返回值中,如果有render方法,才會被調用執行
    """
‘‘‘
m1.process_request
m2.process_request
m1.process_view
test
m2.process_response
m1.process_response
‘‘‘

‘‘‘
m1.process_request
m2.process_request
m1.process_view
m2.process_view
test
m2.process_response
m1.process_response
‘‘‘
#五種中間件:最常用的是:process_request和process_response
# process_request(self,request)
# process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
# process_template_response(self,request,response)
# process_exception(self, request, exception)
# process_response(self, request, response)
md.py 技術分享
class Foo:
    def __init__(self,req,status,msg):
        self.req = req
        self.status = status
        self.msg = msg
    def render(self):
        ret = {
            status:self.status,
            msg:self.msg
        }
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))#返回一個字符串

def test(request):
    # obj = Foo(request)
    return Foo(request,True,"錯誤信息")
    # print(test)
    # # int(asdf)
    # return HttpResponse(ok)
"""
視圖函數的返回值中,如果有render方法,才會被調用執行
"""
‘‘‘
m1.process_request
m2.process_request
m1.process_view
m2.process_view
test
m2.process_exception
m1.process_exception

m2.process_response
m1.process_response

‘‘‘
views.py
m1.process_request
m2.process_request
<function test at 0x000000BC53849A60> () {}
m1.process_view
<function test at 0x000000BC53849A60> () {}
m2.process_view
test
m2.process_response
m1.process_response        
process_request有返回值和    process_view有返回值的情況不一樣
process_request有返回值時,找到自己的response,自動返回,
process_view有返回值時,會把所有的中間件的response都執行一遍再返回
process_exception 遇到views.py中出現異常時輸出,程序正確時不會打印m1.process_exception
ajax請求提交時,返回一個ret,還有一個json.dumps

中間件使用

緩存(memcache,redis) 去內存拿數據比硬盤快,請求來時,
先在緩存取,返回給用戶,HTTP請求發來時,要對所有請求做一下判斷,才用到中間件

- 應用:對所有請求或一部分請求做批量處理

Form表單初識

Form驗證:

就是對客戶端在form表單中輸入的數據,進行正確性驗證,驗證通過再做ORM操作,驗證失敗拋出提示信息。

基本使用

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from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
import json
# Create your views here.
class JSONResponse:
    def __init__(self,req,status,msg):
        self.req = req
        self.status = status
        self.msg = msg
    def render(self):
        ret = {
            status:self.status,
            msg:self.msg
        }
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))#返回一個字符串

def test(request):
    # obj = Foo(request)
    return JSONResponse(request,True,"錯誤信息")    #{"status": true, "msg": "\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f"}
    # print(test)
    # # int(asdf)
    # return HttpResponse(ok)

class LoginForm(Form):
    # username = fields.CharField(max_lengtj=18,min_length=16, required=True)
    #正則驗證:不能為空,6-18位
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=18,
        min_length=6,
        required=True,#不能為空
        error_messages={
            required:用戶名不能為空,
            min_length:太短了,
            max_length:太長了,
        }
    )
    #正則驗證:不能為空,16+
    password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)
    error_messages = {
        required: 密碼不能為空,
        min_length: 太短了,
        max_length: 太長了,
    }
    # email = fields.EmailField()   郵箱
    # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()    IP
    # email = fields.IntegerField() #數字類型
定義JSONResponse類 技術分享
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,login.html)
    else:
        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
        ret = obj.is_valid()
        print(ret)#True or False
        if obj.is_valid():
            #用戶輸入的格式正確
            print(obj.cleaned_data)#字典類型#{username: rootroot, password: rootrootrootrootroot}
            return redirect(http://www.baidu.com)
        else:
            #用戶輸入格式錯誤
            print(obj.errors)#輸出一個對象, <ul class="errorlist"><li>username<ul class="errorlist"><li>用戶名太短了</li></ul></li><li>password<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 16 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul>
            # print(obj.errors[username][0])
            # print(obj.errors[password][0])
            return render(request,login.html,{obj:obj})
定義login函數 技術分享
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/login/">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <p>
            用戶名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}
        </p>
        <p>
            密 碼:<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交"> {{ msg }}
    </div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
login.html 技術分享
        #valid:有效的; 有法律效力的; 正當的; 健全的;
        user = request.POST.get(username)
        #不能為空,長度5-18位,必須郵箱格式
        if len(user) < 6:
            pass

        pwd = request.POST.get(password)
        #不能為空,長度5-18位,包含數字,字母,下劃線
        if user == root and pwd == 123:
            return redirect(http://www.baidu.com)
        else:
            return render(request,login.html,{msg:用戶名或密碼錯誤})
雜項

用戶名密碼的驗證(比如用戶名是郵箱格式)
1.用戶提交的格式驗證,可以減輕數據庫的壓力
2.當輸入值的時候,輸入非法的字符
request.POST.get(‘username‘)
request.POST.get(‘password‘)
註冊頁面,登錄頁面(郵箱要用正則表達式驗證)
ip,port
- 需要對請求數據做驗證
- 獲取到數據然後進行驗證
郵箱正則(規則寫一遍,不需要重復)
- login:
郵箱正則
- register:
郵箱正則

問題:
- 重復進行用戶數據校驗:正則,長度,是否為空
- 無法記住上次提交內容,刷新頁面數據消失

Django提供 Form組件:
1. 定義規則
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
class xxx(Form):
xx = fields.CharField(required=True,max_lenght.,min,error_messages=)
fields:有一大堆的正則表達式,
CharField:用戶輸入的數據必須是字符串
required=True:不能為空
error_messages:定義錯誤信息的中文顯示
required=True,max_lenght.,min,error_messages:四個參數
2. 使用
obj = xxx(request.POST)
1).# 是否校驗成功
v = obj.is_valid()#怎麽匹配
# html標簽name屬性 = Form類字段名
2).# 所有錯誤信息
obj.errors

3).# 正確信息
obj.cleaned_data
request.POST要傳一個key,也就是前端傳的name屬性
html中的username和password和views.py中的username一一匹配

is_valid:在內部進行校驗
errors:所有的錯誤信息
cleaned_data:成功之後的正確信息(字典類型)

Django中間件部分