Java網絡連接之HttpURLConnection、HttpsURLConnection
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-07-13
main ons tee under system nbsp ini 對象 返回
工具類包含兩個方法： http請求、https請求
直接看代碼：
package com.jtools;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
/**
* http工具類
* @author json_wang
*/
public class HttpUtil {
/**
* 發起http請求並獲取結果
* @param requestUrl 請求地址
* @param requestMethod 請求方式（GET、POST）
* @param outputStr 提交的數據 格式（例子："name=name&age=age"） // 正文，正文內容其實跟get的URL中 ‘? ‘後的參數字符串一致
* @return json字符串（json格式不確定 可能是JSONObject，也可能是JSONArray，這裏用字符串，在controller裏再轉化）
*/
public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
String resultStr = "";
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 設置請求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
//HttpURLConnection是基於HTTP協議的，其底層通過socket通信實現。如果不設置超時（timeout），在網絡異常的情況下，可能會導致程序僵死而不繼續往下執行
httpUrlConn.setConnectTimeout(30*1000);//30s超時
httpUrlConn.setReadTimeout(10*1000);//10s超時
/*
//設置請求屬性
httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
*/
//HttpURLConnection的connect()函數，實際上只是建立了一個與服務器的tcp連接，並沒有實際發送http請求。
//get方式需要顯式連接
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
//這種post方式，隱式自動連接
// 當有數據需要提交時
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 註意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 將返回的輸入流轉換成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
resultStr = buffer.toString();
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
System.out.println("server connection timed out.");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(requestUrl+" request error:\n"+e);
}
return resultStr;
}
/**
* 發起https請求並獲取結果
*
* @param requestUrl 請求地址
* @param requestMethod 請求方式（GET、POST）
* @param outputStr 提交的數據 格式（例子："name=name&age=age"） // 正文，正文內容其實跟get的URL中 ‘? ‘後的參數字符串一致
* @return json字符串（json格式不確定 可能是JSONObject，也可能是JSONArray，這裏用字符串，在controller裏再轉化）
*/
public static String httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
String resultStr = "";
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
// 創建SSLContext對象，並使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 設置請求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
//HttpURLConnection是基於HTTP協議的，其底層通過socket通信實現。如果不設置超時（timeout），在網絡異常的情況下，可能會導致程序僵死而不繼續往下執行
httpUrlConn.setConnectTimeout(30*1000);//30s超時
httpUrlConn.setReadTimeout(10*1000);//10s超時
/*
//設置請求屬性
httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
*/
//HttpURLConnection的connect()函數，實際上只是建立了一個與服務器的tcp連接，並沒有實際發送http請求。
//get方式需要顯式連接
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
//這種post方式，隱式自動連接
// 當有數據需要提交時
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 註意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 將返回的輸入流轉換成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
resultStr = buffer.toString();
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
System.out.println("server connection timed out.");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(requestUrl+" request error:\n"+e);
}
return resultStr;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(httpRequest("https://www.zhihu.com/", "GET", null));
}
}
輔助類：
package com.jtools;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* 證書信任管理器（用於https請求）
*/
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
}
附：源代碼：https://github.com/JsonShare/JTools
PS：Java網絡連接之HttpURLConnection與HttpClient 區別及聯系 http://blog.csdn.net/wszxl492719760/article/details/8522714
Java網絡連接之HttpURLConnection、HttpsURLConnection