題目原文：

Suppose that the subarray a[0] to a[n-1] is sorted and the subarray a[n] to a[2*n-1] is sorted. How can you merge the two subarrays so that a[0] to a[2*n-1] is sorted using an auxiliary array of length n (instead of 2n)

分析：

對兩個大小分別為n的有序子數組進行歸並，要求空間復雜度為n，正常情況下歸並排序在此處的空間復雜度為2n，但是由於兩個子數組分別是有序的，故用大小為n的額外子空間輔助歸並是個很合理的要求，實現如下：

 1 import java.util.Arrays;
 2 import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdRandom;
 3 
 4 public class MergeSortedSubArray {
 5     private static boolean less(Comparable v, Comparable w) {
 6         return v.compareTo(w) < 0;
 7     }
 8     public static void merge(Comparable[] array){
 9         int n = array.length/2;
 
10         Comparable[] aux = new Comparable[n];
11         for(int i=0;i<n;i++){ //取左半邊sorted的元素至輔助數組，因為未來歸並左側位置可能會被右側元素占據
12             aux[i] = array[i];
13         }
14         System.out.println(Arrays.toString(aux));
15         int l = 0;
16         int r = n;
17         for(int k = 0; k<2*n;k++){
 
18             if(l >= n) break;//輔助元素數組全部用完，array右側不需要挪動位置了
19             else if(r>=2*n) array[k]=aux[l++];//array原右側元素全部放置合適位置，後面只需把輔助數組的元素挪到array右側
20             else if(less(array[r],aux[l])) array[k] = array[r++];
21             else array[k] = aux[l++];
22         }
23     }
24 
25     public static void main(String[] args){
26         int n = 10;
27         int[] subarray1 = new int[n];
28         int[] subarray2 = new int[n];
29         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
30             subarray1[i] = StdRandom.uniform(100);
31             subarray2[i] = StdRandom.uniform(100);
32         }
33         Arrays.sort(subarray1);
34         Arrays.sort(subarray2);
35         Integer[] array = new Integer[2*n];
36         for(int i = 0; i<n;i++){
37             array[i] = subarray1[i];
38             array[n+i] = subarray2[i];
39         }
40         System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
41         merge(array);
42         System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
43     }
44 }

Coursera Algorithms week3 歸並排序 練習測驗1: Merging with smaller auxiliary array