一步一步學Vue(八)
本篇完成如下場景:
1、系統包含首頁、客戶信息查詢、登錄三個模塊
2、默認進入系統首頁,如果要進行用戶查詢,則需要進行登錄授權
3、查詢用戶後點擊列表項,則進入詳情頁面
基於上述場景需求描述,在客戶端我們考慮,需要設計如下組件:Home組件、客戶列表組件、客戶詳情組件、登錄組件
在服務器端考慮需要:用戶認證服務;客戶列表查詢服務、客戶詳情查詢服務。
ok,現在我們從上往下,先創建我們的基本目錄結構,
當前目錄結構如下:
app.js node web 啟動文件
node_modules node模塊文件(關於node模塊安裝這裏不再介紹)
public 存放靜態文件比如index.html 瀏覽器端執行的css或者js文件、圖片、文字等等。當前包含兩個文件 index.html,app.js (組件定義等文件)
router 後端路由文件,比如可以把portal部分進行抽象到路由文件夾
middleware 中間件 文件夾,我們會定義鑒權中間件
package.json npm包配置文件
由我們的客戶端開始設計,構建我們的組件:
首先Home組件,Home組件,簡單的potal信息展示,這裏為了演示,就直接顯示一串基本信息,在public/app.js中添加如下代碼:
var HomeComponent = { template: `<div> <h1>Home 頁面,portal頁</h1> <h2>以下數據來自服務端</h2> {{stat}}</div>`, data:function(){ return { stat:‘‘//代表相關統計信息等 } }, methods:{ getStat:function(){ return axios.get(‘/portal‘); } }, created:function(){ this.getStat().then(res=>{ this.stat=JSON.stringify(res.data); }).catch(err=>{ console.log(err); }) } }
這裏一個新的知識axios,這是一個vue的Ajax庫,由於vue-resource已不再更新,官方推薦使用axios;上述代碼邏輯很簡單,在組件初始化時,請求後端數據,返回後進行簡單的數據綁定;對應的後端接口(數據只是模擬),在/app.js下添加如下代碼:
var express = require("express"); var app = express(); app.use(express.static(‘public‘)); app.get(‘/portal‘,function(req,res){ res.json({ data:[ { visits:12, clicks:100 }, { location:‘BeiJing‘, total:17 } ] }) }) app.listen(8110,function(){ console.log("port 8110 is listenning!!!"); });
這裏就是最基礎的express代碼了,只是做了兩件事情,第一,設置靜態目錄為public,設置路由/portal,對應前端請求。
為了讓程序運行起來,我們修改我們的/public/index.html代碼如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>demo3</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue/2.4.1/vue.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue-router/2.7.0/vue-router.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> </div> <script src="./app.js"></script> </body> </html>
在public/app.js中為組件Home設置路由,並啟用路由配置:
var router = new VueRouter({ //TODO:各種路由定義; routes: [{ name: ‘home‘, path: ‘/home‘, component: HomeComponent } ] }); var app = new Vue({ router: router, template: ` <div> <router-view></router-view> </div> `, el: ‘#app‘ });
打開控制臺,進入到項目根目錄,執行node app.js 啟動後臺服務,在瀏覽器打開http://localhost:8110/#/home ,可以看到如下效果:
接下來,在public/app.js文件中添加我們的另外三個組件:客戶列表組件,詳情組件和登錄組件,並配置路由,最終代碼如下:
var LoginComponent = { template: ` <div class="login" > username:<input type="text" v-model="user.username" /> password:<input type="password" v-model="user.password" /> <input type="button" @click="login()" value="login" /> </div> `, data: function () { return { user: { username: ‘‘, password: ‘‘ } } }, methods: { login: function () { axios.post(‘/login‘,{params: this.user}) .then(function (res) { if (res.success) { localStorage.setItem(‘token‘, res.token); } }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); } } } var CustomerListComponent = { template: ` <div> <div> <input type="text" v-model="keyword" /> <input type="button" @click="getCustomers()" value="search" /> </div> <ul> <router-link v-for="c in customers" tag="li" :to="{name:‘detail‘,params:{id:c.id}}" :key="c.id">{{c.name}}</router-link> </ul> </div> `, data: function () { return { customers: [], keyword: ‘‘ } }, created: function () { this.getCustomers(); }, methods: { getCustomers: function () { axios.get(‘/api/getCustomers‘, { params: { keyword: this.keyword } }) .then(res => { this.customers = res.data; console.log(res) }) .catch(err => console.log(err)); }, } } var CustomerComponent = { template: ` <div> {{customer}} </div> `, data: function () { return { customer: {} } }, created: function () { var id = this.$route.params.id; this.getCustomerById(id); }, watch: { ‘$route‘: function () { console.log(this.$route.params.id); } }, methods: { getCustomerById: function (id) { axios.get(‘/api/customer/‘+id) .then(res => this.customer = res.data) .catch(err => console.log(err)); } } } var HomeComponent = { template: `<div> <h1>Home 頁面,portal頁</h1> <h2>以下數據來自服務端</h2> {{stat}} </div>`, data: function () { return { stat: ‘‘//代表相關統計信息等 } }, methods: { getStat: function () { return axios.get(‘/portal‘); } }, created: function () { this.getStat().then(res => { this.stat = JSON.stringify(res.data); }).catch(err => { console.log(err); }) } } var router = new VueRouter({ //TODO:各種路由定義; routes: [{ name: ‘home‘, path: ‘/home‘, component: HomeComponent }, { name: ‘customers‘, path: ‘/customers‘, component: CustomerListComponent, }, { name: ‘detail‘, path: ‘/detail/:id‘, component: CustomerComponent, }, { name: ‘login‘, path: ‘/login‘, component: LoginComponent } ] }); //註冊全局事件鉤子 //TODO:會在下一篇中詳細分析 // router.beforeEach(function (to, from, next) { // if (to.matched.some(r => r.meta.auth)) { // if (!localStorage.getItem(‘token‘)) { // console.log("需要登錄"); // next({ // path: ‘/login‘, // query: { to: to.fullPath } // }) // } else { // next(); // } // } else { // next() // } // }); var app = new Vue({ router: router, template: ` <div> <router-link :to="{name:‘home‘}" >Home</router-link> <router-link :to="{name:‘customers‘}" >Customers</router-link> <router-view></router-view> </div> `, el: ‘#app‘ });
後臺根據接口添加如下路由,在router文件夾中,添加customers.js文件,加入如下代碼:
var router = require("express").Router(); var db = require(‘./fakeData‘); router.get(‘/getCustomers‘, function (req, res) { var list = db.data; list = list.filter(v => v.name.indexOf(req.query.keyword) !== -1); res.json(list); }); router.get(‘/customer/:id‘,function(req,res){ var list=db.data; var obj=list.filter(v=>v.id==req.params.id)[0]; res.json(obj); }) module.exports = router;
同時在/app.js中修改代碼如下:
var express = require("express"); var authMiddleware=require(‘./middleware/authMiddleware‘); var customerRouter=require(‘./router/customers‘); var app = express(); app.use(express.static(‘public‘)); app.get(‘/portal‘,function(req,res){ res.json({ data:[ { visits:12, clicks:100 }, { location:‘BeiJing‘, total:17 } ] }) }) //TOOD:下一篇會詳細講,先忽略 // app.use(authMiddleware); app.use(‘/api‘,customerRouter); app.listen(8110,function(){ console.log("port 8110 is listenning!!!"); });
重新執行node app.js,刷新瀏覽器,看到最終效果如下:
上述vue的代碼,我們在前面幾篇都有所提及,沒有陌生格式的代碼,大家有疑問的可以提comment。下一篇中會加入授權,包括前端路由控制以及後端接口訪問控制,今天就到這裏吧,最近比較忙,更新進度有點慢,下一篇完善權限,在本部分代碼中已加入todo標示,有興趣的可以考慮一下()。
本篇完整代碼如下:
public/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>demo3</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue/2.4.1/vue.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/vue-router/2.7.0/vue-router.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> </div> <script src="./app.js"></script> </body> </html>View Code
public/app.js
var LoginComponent = { template: ` <div class="login" > username:<input type="text" v-model="user.username" /> password:<input type="password" v-model="user.password" /> <input type="button" @click="login()" value="login" /> </div> `, data: function () { return { user: { username: ‘‘, password: ‘‘ } } }, methods: { login: function () { axios.post(‘/login‘, this.user) .then(function (res) { if (res.success) { localStorage.setItem(‘token‘, res.token); } }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); } } } var CustomerListComponent = { template: ` <div> <div> <input type="text" v-model="keyword" /> <input type="button" @click="getCustomers()" value="search" /> </div> <ul> <router-link v-for="c in customers" tag="li" :to="{name:‘detail‘,params:{id:c.id}}" :key="c.id">{{c.name}}</router-link> </ul> </div> `, data: function () { return { customers: [], keyword: ‘‘ } }, created: function () { this.getCustomers(); }, methods: { getCustomers: function () { axios.get(‘/api/getCustomers‘, { params: { keyword: this.keyword } }) .then(res => { this.customers = res.data; console.log(res) }) .catch(err => console.log(err)); }, } } var CustomerComponent = { template: ` <div> {{customer}} </div> `, data: function () { return { customer: {} } }, created: function () { var id = this.$route.params.id; this.getCustomerById(id); }, watch: { ‘$route‘: function () { console.log(this.$route.params.id); } }, methods: { getCustomerById: function (id) { axios.get(‘/api/customer/‘+id) .then(res => this.customer = res.data) .catch(err => console.log(err)); } } } var HomeComponent = { template: `<div> <h1>Home 頁面,portal頁</h1> <h2>以下數據來自服務端</h2> {{stat}} </div>`, data: function () { return { stat: ‘‘//代表相關統計信息等 } }, methods: { getStat: function () { return axios.get(‘/portal‘); } }, created: function () { this.getStat().then(res => { this.stat = JSON.stringify(res.data); }).catch(err => { console.log(err); }) } } var router = new VueRouter({ //TODO:各種路由定義; routes: [{ name: ‘home‘, path: ‘/home‘, component: HomeComponent }, { name: ‘customers‘, path: ‘/customers‘, component: CustomerListComponent, }, { name: ‘detail‘, path: ‘/detail/:id‘, component: CustomerComponent, }, { name: ‘login‘, path: ‘/login‘, component: LoginComponent } ] }); //註冊全局事件鉤子 //TODO:會在下一篇中詳細分析 // router.beforeEach(function (to, from, next) { // if (to.matched.some(r => r.meta.auth)) { // if (!localStorage.getItem(‘token‘)) { // console.log("需要登錄"); // next({ // path: ‘/login‘, // query: { to: to.fullPath } // }) // } else { // next(); // } // } else { // next() // } // }); var app = new Vue({ router: router, template: ` <div> <router-link :to="{name:‘home‘}" >Home</router-link> <router-link :to="{name:‘customers‘}" >Customers</router-link> <router-view></router-view> </div> `, el: ‘#app‘ });View Code
router/customers.js
var router = require("express").Router(); var db = require(‘./fakeData‘); router.get(‘/getCustomers‘, function (req, res) { var list = db.data; list = list.filter(v => v.name.indexOf(req.query.keyword) !== -1); res.json(list); }); router.get(‘/customer/:id‘,function(req,res){ var list=db.data; var obj=list.filter(v=>v.id==req.params.id)[0]; res.json(obj); }) module.exports = router;View Code
middleware/authMiddleware.js
module.exports=function(req,res,next){ if(req.path="/login"){ res.json({ success:true }) } next(); }View Code
app.js
var express = require("express"); var authMiddleware=require(‘./middleware/authMiddleware‘); var customerRouter=require(‘./router/customers‘); var app = express(); app.use(express.static(‘public‘)); app.get(‘/portal‘,function(req,res){ res.json({ data:[ { visits:12, clicks:100 }, { location:‘BeiJing‘, total:17 } ] }) }) //TOOD:下一篇會詳細講,先忽略 // app.use(authMiddleware); app.use(‘/api‘,customerRouter); app.listen(8110,function(){ console.log("port 8110 is listenning!!!"); });View Code
一步一步學Vue(八)