Django表單form ajax應用(上)
一、項目說明
學習django版本1.8.2,把之前零散學習的知識整合下，主要涉及到：
項目開始，ajax數據調用，註冊，數據錄入，數據修改，數據刪除，數據建模等完成一個完整的前後臺功能簡單的web。數據庫默認用sqlite
1、創建djano項目：
$cd /data1/DjangoProject/
$django-admin startproject School
$cd School
$python manage.py startapp student
$mkdir template static用pycharm打開School項目結構如圖：
2、基礎配置
$cd /data1/DjangoProject/School/School
$vim settings.py
添加App student 如圖：
修改template路徑 如圖：
修改static 路徑 如圖：
3、數據庫(sqlite)建模：
在student目錄下新建 models.py內容如下：
#coding:utf-8
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="姓名")
Gender = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name="性別")
Age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年齡")
Birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name="生日")
Grade = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="年級")
subject = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="專業")
city = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="城市")4、同步數據庫
$/data1/DjangoProject/School
$python manage.py validate 如圖：
$python manage.py makemigrations 如圖：
$python manage.py syncdb 如圖：
二、完成註冊功能register.html
1、form表單定義：
在student app目錄下創建form.py 內容如下:
#coding:utf-8
from django import forms
class StudentForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=32,label="姓名",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
Gender = forms.CharField(max_length=16, label="性別",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
Age = forms.IntegerField(label="年齡",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
#required = False 表示可為空
Birthday = forms.DateField(label="生日",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}),required=False)
Grade = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="年級",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
subject = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="專業",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
city = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="城市",widget=forms.TimeInput(attrs = {"class":"form-contorl"}))
def clean_name(self): ##函數名必須是clear_上面的字段 固定格式
name = self.cleaned_data["name"]
if name[0].isalpha():
return name
else:
raise forms.ValidationError("The first must be character.")
2、簡單register.html
在template目錄創建register.html剛開始內容可為空
3、為register.hmtl創建視頻和路由
視圖views.py中定義register視圖函數內容如下:
#coding:utf-8
from models import Student
from form import StudentForm
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
# Create your views here.
def register(request):
return render(request,"register.html",locals())在/data1/DjangoProject/School/School/urls.py中添加 內容如下圖：
開啟項目訪問：http://127.0.0.1:8000/register 得到一個空白頁
三、完善register.html
1、在/data1/DjangoProject/School/static/目錄下分別創建 css目錄放入bootstrap.min.css
js目錄放入jquery-3.1.1.min.js vue.min.js img目錄中有兩張圖片， 目錄結構如圖:
以上內容主到http://down.51cto.com/data/2334389下載
2、register.html網頁內容
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用戶註冊</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/vue.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/bootstrap.min.css" type="text/css">
}
</head>
<body background="/static/img/bg2.png">
<h1 style="text-align: center;color:white" >
Student Register
<hr/>
</h1>
<form class="form-inline" style="text-align: center" method="post">
{% csrf_token %} <!-- post方法csrf 標識 -->
{{ sForm.as_p }}
<input class="form-control" type="submit" value="註冊">
</form>
<!--ajax 表單驗證用戶名-->
<script>
$(
function () {
$("#id_name").blur(
function () {
var name = $("#id_name").val()
$.ajax(
{
url:"/valide_name/",
type:"get",
data:{"name":name},
success:function (data) {
// $("#id_name").val("name is exsit")
console.log(data)
},
error:function (err) {
console.log(err)
}
}
)
}
)
}
)
</script>
</body>
</html>3、修改views.py中的register視圖函數
#coding:utf-8
from models import Student
from form import StudentForm
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
# Create your views here.
def register(request):
if request.method == "POST" and request.POST: #判斷提交的數據方式是Post並且有數據
sForm = StudentForm(request.POST) #將post數據交給form表單進行驗證
if sForm.is_valid(): #判斷form表單提交的數據是否正確
clean_data = sForm.cleaned_data #獲取驗證過的數據
s = Student()
s.name = clean_data["name"]
s.Gender = clean_data["Gender"]
s.Age = clean_data["Age"]
s.Birthday = clean_data["Birthday"]
s.Grade = clean_data["Grade"]
s.subject = clean_data["subject"]
s.city = clean_data["city"]
s.save()
else:
pass
else:
sForm = StudentForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
#對name值限制必須以字符開頭,函數固定格式valide_field
def valide_name(request):
if request.method == "GET" and request.GET:
name = request.GET[‘name‘]
if Student.objects.filter(name=name):
# if name == id_name:
name = "we have a %s" % name
else:
name = name
else:
name = "No name"
result = {"data":name}
return JsonResponse(result)四、訪問驗證
打開瀏覽器訪問http://172.16.3.140:8000/register/如圖：添加幾條測試數據
類似添加完幾條後打開sqlite數據庫數據如下：
2、驗證ajax對name的焦點移開請求驗證是否存在
打開瀏覽器F12調試功能
先再次輸入san 移開鼠標 會看到console中出現we have san 如圖：
換成其他的用戶名如 ling520如圖：
到此一個帶sqlite數據庫 結合django 的註冊頁面 通過 ajax完成驗證功能完成，其他內容後續補充。
本文出自 “學無止境,學以致用” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://dyc2005.blog.51cto.com/270872/1961496
Django表單form ajax應用(上)