轉載：http://blog.csdn.net/rangqiwei/article/details/15816013

一、導出工具mongoexport

Mongodb中的mongoexport工具可以把一個collection導出成JSON格式或CSV格式的文件。可以通過參數指定導出的數據項，也可以根據指定的條件導出數據。mongoexport具體用法如下所示：

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoexport --help
2. Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files.
4. options:
5. --help produce help message
6. -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
7. verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
8. --version print the program‘s version and exit
9. -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for
10. sets)
11. --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
12. --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
13. -u [ --username ] arg username
14. -p [ --password ] arg password
15. --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
16. path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
17. needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
18. if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
19. --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
20. directory
21. --journal enable journaling
22. -d [ --db ] arg database to use
23. -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
24. -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f
25. name,age
26. --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line
27. -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string
28. --csv export to csv instead of json
29. -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used
30. --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per
31. line
32. -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default
33. true

參數說明：

-h:指明數據庫宿主機的IP

-u:指明數據庫的用戶名

-p:指明數據庫的密碼

-d:指明數據庫的名字

-c:指明collection的名字

-f:指明要導出那些列

-o:指明到要導出的文件名

-q:指明導出數據的過濾條件

實例：test庫中存在著一個students集合，集合中數據如下：

1. > db.students.find()
2. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031143350f2481577ea81e5"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 20, "name" : "kobe" }
3. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031144a50f2481577ea81e6"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 23, "name" : "nash" }
4. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031145a50f2481577ea81e7"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 18, "name" : "james" }
5. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031146a50f2481577ea81e8"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "wade" }
6. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031147450f2481577ea81e9"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "bosh" }
7. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031148650f2481577ea81ea"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 25, "name" : "allen" }
8. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031149b50f2481577ea81eb"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 19, "name" : "howard" }
9. { "_id" : ObjectId("503114a750f2481577ea81ec"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 22, "name" : "paul" }
10. { "_id" : ObjectId("503114cd50f2481577ea81ed"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 24, "name" : "shane" }

由上可以看出文檔中存在著3個字段：classid、age、name

1.直接導出數據到文件中

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoexport -d test -c students -o students.dat
2. connected to: 127.0.0.1
3. exported 9 records

命令執行完後使用ll命令查看，發現目錄下生成了一個students.dat的文件

1. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 869 Aug 21 00:05 students.dat

查看該文件信息，具體信息如下：

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# cat students.dat
2. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031143350f2481577ea81e5" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 20, "name" : "kobe" }
3. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031144a50f2481577ea81e6" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 23, "name" : "nash" }
4. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031145a50f2481577ea81e7" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 18, "name" : "james" }
5. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031146a50f2481577ea81e8" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "wade" }
6. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031147450f2481577ea81e9" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "bosh" }
7. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031148650f2481577ea81ea" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 25, "name" : "allen" }
8. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "5031149b50f2481577ea81eb" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 19, "name" : "howard" }
9. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "503114a750f2481577ea81ec" }, "classid" : 1, "age" : 22, "name" : "paul" }
10. { "_id" : { "$oid" : "503114cd50f2481577ea81ed" }, "classid" : 2, "age" : 24, "name" : "shane" }

參數說明：

-d:指明使用的庫，本例中為test

-c:指明要導出的集合，本例中為students

-o:指明要導出的文件名，本例中為students.dat

從上面的結果可以看出，我們在導出數據時沒有顯示指定導出樣式 ，默認導出了JSON格式的數據。如果我們需要導出CSV格式的數據，則需要使用--csv參數，具體如下所示：

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoexport -d test -c students --csv -f classid,name,age -o students_csv.dat
2. connected to: 127.0.0.1
3. exported 9 records
4. [[email protected] mongodb]# cat students_csv.dat
5. classid,name,age
6. 1.0,"kobe",20.0
7. 1.0,"nash",23.0
8. 2.0,"james",18.0
9. 2.0,"wade",19.0
10. 2.0,"bosh",19.0
11. 2.0,"allen",25.0
12. 1.0,"howard",19.0
13. 1.0,"paul",22.0
14. 2.0,"shane",24.0
15. [[email protected] mongodb]#

參數說明：

-csv：指明要導出為csv格式

-f：指明需要導出classid、name、age這3列的數據

由上面結果可以看出，mongoexport成功地將數據根據csv格式導出到了students_csv.dat文件中。

二、導入工具mongoimport

Mongodb中的mongoimport工具可以把一個特定格式文件中的內容導入到指定的collection中。該工具可以導入JSON格式數據，也可以導入CSV格式數據。具體使用如下所示：

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoimport --help
2. options:
3. --help produce help message
4. -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
5. verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
6. --version print the program‘s version and exit
7. -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets)
8. --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
9. --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
10. -u [ --username ] arg username
11. -p [ --password ] arg password
12. --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
13. path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
14. needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
15. if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
16. --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
17. directory
18. --journal enable journaling
19. -d [ --db ] arg database to use
20. -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
21. -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age
22. --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line
23. --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored
24. --type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv)
25. --file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used
26. --drop drop collection first
27. --headerline CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers
28. --upsert insert or update objects that already exist
29. --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the
30. upsert. You should make sure this is indexed
31. --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing
32. --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently
33. limited to 4MB.

參數說明：

-h:指明數據庫宿主機的IP

-u:指明數據庫的用戶名

-p:指明數據庫的密碼

-d:指明數據庫的名字

-c:指明collection的名字

-f:指明要導入那些列

示例：先刪除students中的數據，並驗證

1. > db.students.remove()
2. > db.students.find()
3. >

然後再導入上面導出的students.dat文件中的內容

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoimport -d test -c students students.dat
2. connected to: 127.0.0.1
3. imported 9 objects
4. [[email protected] mongodb]#

參數說明：

-d:指明數據庫名，本例中為test

-c:指明collection名，本例中為students

students.dat：導入的文件名

查詢students集合中的數據

1. > db.students.find()
2. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031143350f2481577ea81e5"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 20, "name" : "kobe" }
3. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031144a50f2481577ea81e6"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 23, "name" : "nash" }
4. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031145a50f2481577ea81e7"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 18, "name" : "james" }
5. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031146a50f2481577ea81e8"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "wade" }
6. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031147450f2481577ea81e9"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 19, "name" : "bosh" }
7. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031148650f2481577ea81ea"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 25, "name" : "allen" }
8. { "_id" : ObjectId("5031149b50f2481577ea81eb"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 19, "name" : "howard" }
9. { "_id" : ObjectId("503114a750f2481577ea81ec"), "classid" : 1, "age" : 22, "name" : "paul" }
10. { "_id" : ObjectId("503114cd50f2481577ea81ed"), "classid" : 2, "age" : 24, "name" : "shane" }
11. >

證明數據導入成功

上面演示的是導入JSON格式的文件中的內容，如果要導入CSV格式文件中的內容，則需要通過--type參數指定導入格式，具體如下所示：

先刪除數據

1. > db.students.remove()
2. > db.students.find()
3. >

再導入之前導出的students_csv.dat文件

1. [[email protected] mongodb]# ./bin/mongoimport -d test -c students --type csv --headerline --file students_csv.dat
2. connected to: 127.0.0.1
3. imported 10 objects
4. [[email protected] mongodb]#

參數說明：

-type:指明要導入的文件格式

-headerline:指明第一行是列名，不需要導入

-file：指明要導入的文件

查詢students集合，驗證導入是否成功：

1. > db.students.find()
2. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118ad8"), "classid" : 1, "name" : "kobe", "age" : 20 }
3. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118ad9"), "classid" : 1, "name" : "nash", "age" : 23 }
4. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118ada"), "classid" : 2, "name" : "james", "age" : 18 }
5. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118adb"), "classid" : 2, "name" : "wade", "age" : 19 }
6. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118adc"), "classid" : 2, "name" : "bosh", "age" : 19 }
7. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118add"), "classid" : 2, "name" : "allen", "age" : 25 }
8. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118ade"), "classid" : 1, "name" : "howard", "age" : 19 }
9. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118adf"), "classid" : 1, "name" : "paul", "age" : 22 }
10. { "_id" : ObjectId("503266029355c632cd118ae0"), "classid" : 2, "name" : "shane", "age" : 24 }
11. >

Mongodb數據導出命令mongoexport和導入命令mongoimport介紹