linux中expect命令詳解
expect介紹
expect 是由Don Libes基於Tcl（Tool Command Language ）語言開發的，主要應用於自動化交互式操作的場景，借助Expect處理交互的命令，可以將交互過程如：ssh登錄，ftp登錄等寫在一個腳本上，使之自動化完成。尤其適用於需要對多臺服務器執行相同操作的環境中，可以大大提高系統管理人員的工作效率
expect命令
expect語法：
expect [選項][ -c cmds] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile] [ args]
選項
-c：從命令行執行expect腳本，默認expect是交互地執行的
示例：
expect -c ‘expect "\n" {send"pressed enter\n"}
-d：可以輸出輸出調試信息
示例：
expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相關命令
spawn：啟動新的進程
send：用於向進程發送字符串
expect：從進程接收字符串
interact：允許用戶交互
exp_continue匹配多個字符串在執行動作後加此命令
except最常用的語法(tcl語言:模式-動作)
單一分支模式語法：
expect “hi” {send “You said hi\n"}
匹配到hi後，會輸出“you said hi”，並換行
多分支模式語法：
expect"hi" { send "You said hi\n" } \
"hehe"{ send “Hehe yourself\n" } \
"bye"{ send “Good bye\n" }
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串時，執行相應輸出。等同如下：
expect {
"hi"{ send "You said hi\n"}
"hehe"{ send "Hehe yourself\n"}
"bye"{ send “Good bye\n"}
}
示例
cat ssh1.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh 192.168.8.100
expect {
"yes/no" { send"yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send“magedu\n" }
}
interact
#expect eof
示例:變量
cat ssh2.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip 192.168.8.100
set user root
set password magedu
set timeout 10
spawn ssh [email protected]$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send"yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send"$password\n" }
}
interact
示例:位置參數
vim ssh3.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh [email protected]$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send"yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send"$password\n" }
}
interact
#./ssh3.exp 192.168.8.100 rootmagedu
示例：執行多個命令
cat ssh4.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 10
spawn ssh [email protected]$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send"yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send"$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send"useradd haha\n" }
expect "]#" { send"echo magedu |passwd --stdin haha\n" }
send "exit\n"
expect eof
#./ssh4.exp 192.168.8.100 rootmagedu
示例：shell腳本調用expect
vim ssh5.sh
#!/bin/bash
ip=$1
user=$2
password=$3
expect <<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn [email protected]$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send"yes\n";exp_continue}
"password" { send"$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send"useraddhehe\n" }
expect "]#" { send "echomagedu|passwd--stdinhehe\n" }
expect "]#" { send"exit\n" }
expect eof
EOF
#./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.100 rootmagedus
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linux中expect命令詳解