1 #ifndef _BLIST_H_
  2 #define _BLIST_H_
  3 
  4 #include <iostream>
  5 
  6 using namespace std;
  7 
  8 template<class T>
  9 class List{
 10 
 11 private:
 12     class Node{
 13     public:
 14         T data;
 15         Node * next;
 16         Node * prev;
 17         Node(const
 
 T & val=T())    :data(val),next(),prev(){}
 18         //在此節點後面添加節點new_node;
 19         void addNodeAfter( Node * new_node);
 20         //刪除此節點後面一個節點,並釋放占用內存
 21         void delNodeAfter();
 22     };
 23     
 24 private:
 25     Node * head;
 26     Node * tail;
 27     size_t size_;
 28 
 29 public
 
:
 30     //分別為head,tail new 一個初始化的Node,並互相鏈接.
 31     List();
 32     
 33     /*read operation part
 34     *
 35     */
 36     //返回元素個數
 37     size_t size() const;
 38     //判斷鏈表是否為空
 39     bool isEmpty() const;
 40     //讀取鏈首元素的值,若沒有元素，則返回head->data(後面以此處理);
 41     const T & getFirst() const;
 42
 
     //讀取鏈尾元素的值
 43     const T & getLast() const;
 44     //讀取指定下標（1~size）處的值,若下標超出範圍，則返回head->data
 45     const T & valueAt(size_t index) const;
 46     //依值返回節點
 47     Node * getNodeByVal(const T & item) const;
 48     //依值返回下標
 49     size_t getIndexByVal(const T & item) const;
 50     //依下標返回節點
 51     Node * getNodeByIndex(size_t index) const;
 52     //打印所有元素的值
 53     void showAll() const;
 54     
 55     /*write operation part
 56     *
 57     */
 58     //添加元素到鏈首
 59     void addFirst(const T & item);
 60     //添加元素到鏈尾
 61     void addLast(const T & item);
 62     //向指定下標處添加元素
 63     void addAt(size_t index, const T & item);
 64     //移除鏈首元素
 65     T removeFirst();
 66     //移除鏈尾元素
 67     T removeLast();
 68     //移除下標指定的元素
 69     T removeAt(size_t index);
 70     //移除同item等值的元素
 71     T removeVal(const T & item);
 72     //清理鏈表，釋放內存。保留鏈首和鏈尾，以便再次使用.
 73     void clear();
 74     //銷毀鏈表
 75     ~List();
 76 };
 77 
 78 template<class T>
 79 //註意此處嵌套類的定義使用文法
 80 void List<T>::Node::addNodeAfter(List<T>::Node * new_node)
 81 {
 82     new_node->prev = this;
 83     new_node->next = next;
 84     next->prev = new_node;
 85     next = new_node;
 86 }
 87 
 88 template<class T>
 89 void List<T>::Node::delNodeAfter()
 90 {
 91     next->next->prev = this;
 92     delete next;
 93     next = next->next;
 94 }
 95 
 96 template<class T>
 97 List<T>::List()
 98 {
 99     head = new Node;
100     tail = new Node;
101     head->next = tail;
102     tail->prev = head;
103     size_ = 0;
104 }
105 
106 template<class T>
107 size_t List<T>::size() const
108 {
109     return size_;
110 }
111 
112 template<class T>
113 bool List<T>::isEmpty() const
114 {
115     return size_ == 0;
116 }
117 
118 template<class T>
119 void List<T>::addFirst(const T & item)
120 {
121     Node * new_node = new Node(item);
122     head->addNodeAfter(new_node);
123     ++size_;
124 }
125 
126 template<class T>
127 void List<T>::addLast(const T & item)
128 {
129     Node * new_node = new Node(item);
130     tail->prev->addNodeAfter(new_node);
131     ++size_;
132 }
133 
134 template<class T>
135 void List<T>::addAt(size_t index, const T & item)
136 {
137     if(index <= 1)
138         addFirst(item);
139     else if(index > size_)
140         addLast(item);
141     else
142     {
143         Node * new_node = new Node(item);
144         Node * pos = getNodeByIndex(index);
145         pos->prev->addNodeAfter(new_node);
146         ++size_;
147     }
148 }
149 
150 template<class T>
151 const T & List<T>::getFirst() const
152 {
153     return head->next->data;
154 }
155 
156 template<class T>
157 const T & List<T>::getLast() const
158 {
159     return tail->prev->data;
160 }
161 
162 template<class T>
163 const T & List<T>::valueAt(size_t index) const
164 {
165     Node * retNode = getNodeByIndex(index);
166     if(retNode == NULL)
167         return head->data;
168     return retNode->data;
169 }
170 
171 template<class T>
172 //返回嵌套類類型要用 typename 關鍵字註明類型,不然編譯器報錯
173 typename List<T>::Node * List<T>::getNodeByVal(const T & item) const
174 {
175     Node * ret = head->next;
176     while(ret != tail)
177     {
178         if(ret->data == item)
179             return ret;
180         ret = ret->next;
181     }
182     return NULL;
183 }
184 
185 template<class T>
186 size_t List<T>::getIndexByVal(const T & item) const
187 {
188     int ret = 0;
189     Node * current = head->next;
190     while(current != tail)
191     {
192         ++ret;
193         if(current->data == item)
194             return ret;
195         current = current->next;
196     }
197     return 0;
198 }
199 
200 template<class T>
201 typename List<T>::Node * List<T>::getNodeByIndex(size_t index) const
202 {
203     if(index < 1 || index > size_)
204         return NULL;
205     Node * ret = head->next;
206     for(int i = 1; i < index; i++)
207         ret = ret->next;
208     return ret;
209 }
210 
211 template<class T>
212 T List<T>::removeFirst()
213 {
214     if(isEmpty())
215     {
216         cout << "empty data!\n";
217         return T();
218     }
219     T ret = getFirst();
220     head->delNodeAfter();
221     --size_;
222     return ret;
223 }
224 
225 template<class T>
226 T List<T>::removeLast()
227 {
228     if(isEmpty())
229     {
230         cout << "empty data!\n";
231         return T();
232     }
233     T ret = getLast();
234     tail->prev->prev->delNodeAfter();
235     --size_;
236     return ret;
237 }
238 
239 template<class T>
240 T List<T>::removeAt(size_t index)
241 {
242     Node * del_node = getNodeByIndex(index);
243     if(del_node == NULL)
244         return head->data;
245     T ret = del_node->data;
246     del_node->prev->delNodeAfter();
247     --size_;
248     return ret;
249 }
250 
251 template<class T>
252 T List<T>::removeVal(const T & item)
253 {
254     Node * del_node = getNodeByVal(item);
255     if(del_node == NULL)
256         return head->data;
257     T ret = del_node->data;
258     del_node->prev->delNodeAfter();
259     --size_;
260     return ret;
261 }
262 
263 template<class T>
264 void List<T>::showAll() const
265 {
266     cout << "[";
267     if(isEmpty())
268     {
269         cout << "]\n";
270         return;
271     }
272     Node * temp = head->next;
273     while(temp != tail->prev)
274     {
275         cout << temp->data << ", ";
276         temp = temp->next;
277     }
278     cout << temp->data << "]\n";
279 }
280 
281 template<class T>
282 void List<T>::clear()
283 {
284     Node * del_node = NULL;
285     Node * temp = head->next;
286     while(temp != tail)
287     {
288         del_node = temp;
289         temp = temp->next;
290         delete del_node;
291     }
292     head->next = tail;
293     tail->prev = head;
294     size_ = 0;
295 }
296 
297 template<class T>
298 List<T>::~List()
299 {
300     clear();
301     delete head;
302     delete tail;
303     head = tail = NULL;
304 }
305 
306 #endif

 1 #include "blist.h"
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 int main()
 8 {
 9     List<int> list;
10     list.addFirst(10);
11     list.addLast(20);
12     list.addLast(30);
13     list.addFirst(5);
14     list.addAt(1,3);
15     list.addAt(10,100);
16     cout << "list.size() = " << list.size() << endl;
17     cout << "getFirst = " << list.getFirst() << endl;
18     cout << "getLast = " << list.getLast() << endl;
19     for(int i = 0; i <= list.size() +1; i++)
20         cout << "valueAt("<< i << ") = " << list.valueAt(i) << endl;
21     cout << "getIndexByVal(30) = " << list.getIndexByVal(30) << endl;
22     list.showAll();
23     list.removeAt(4);
24     cout << "After remove index 4\n";
25     list.showAll();
26     list.removeVal(5);
27     cout << "After remove value 5\n";
28     list.showAll();
29     cout << "After clear\n";
30     list.clear();
31     list.showAll();
32     return 0;
33 }

用C++寫的帶模板雙向鏈表