（六）發送、接收SOAP消息（1）
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-10-12
action nco enc local ring get 消息 元素 opera
一.為什麽要用soap
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原本我們使用web服務都是根據wsdl生成客戶端（生成一堆java文件）然後再調用，本章節講解如何用soap消息來替代這種方式。
二、SOAP消息格式
- SOAP（簡單對象訪問協議）是基於XML的消息格式。下面是一個簡單的SOAP消息：
<?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope" soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding"> <soap:Header> </soap:Header> <soap:Body> ... message data ... <soap:Fault> </soap:Fault> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope>
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正如你可以看到一個SOAP消息包括：
- Envelope
- Header
- Body
- Message Data
- Fault (optional)
相同的SOAP消息結構用於客戶端和Web Service服務器之間的請求和響應。
Body內的Fault元素是可選的。只有Web服務中發生內部錯誤裏才返回。否則，返回正常信息數據。
SOAP不指定一個消息從客戶端如何獲取到Web Service，但最常見的情況是通過HTTP。
三、案例
3.1 發布服務
- 服務接口
package service; import javax.jws.WebParam; import javax.jws.WebResult; import javax.jws.WebService; @WebService public interface IFirstService { @WebResult(name = "addResult")public int add(@WebParam(name = "x") int x, @WebParam(name = "y") int y); }
- 服務接口實現類
package service; import javax.jws.WebParam; import javax.jws.WebResult; import javax.jws.WebService; @WebService(endpointInterface = "service.IFirstService") public class IFirstServiceImpl implements IFirstService { @Override public int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } }
- 發布服務
package publish; import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint; import service.IFirstServiceImpl; public class TestPublish { public static void main(String[] args) { Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:3030/first", new IFirstServiceImpl()); System.out.println("發布成功....."); } }
- 查看wsdl文件
<definitions targetNamespace="http://service/" name="IFirstServiceImplService"> <types> <xsd:schema> <xsd:import namespace="http://service/" schemaLocation="http://localhost:3030/first?xsd=1" /> </xsd:schema> </types> <message name="add"> <part name="parameters" element="tns:add" /> </message> <message name="addResponse"> <part name="parameters" element="tns:addResponse" /> </message> <portType name="IFirstService"> <operation name="add"> <input wsam:Action="http://service/IFirstService/addRequest" message="tns:add" /> <output wsam:Action="http://service/IFirstService/addResponse" message="tns:addResponse" /> </operation> </portType> <binding name="IFirstServiceImplPortBinding" type="tns:IFirstService"> <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document" /> <operation name="add"> <soap:operation soapAction="" /> <input> <soap:body use="literal" /> </input> <output> <soap:body use="literal" /> </output> </operation> </binding> <service name="IFirstServiceImplService"> <port name="IFirstServiceImplPort" binding="tns:IFirstServiceImplPortBinding"> <soap:address location="http://localhost:3030/first" /> </port> </service> </definitions>
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http://localhost:3030/first?xsd=1文件
<xs:schema version="1.0" targetNamespace="http://service/"> <xs:element name="add" type="tns:add" /> <xs:element name="addResponse" type="tns:addResponse" /> <xs:complexType name="add"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="x" type="xs:int" /> <xs:element name="y" type="xs:int" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="addResponse"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="addResult" type="xs:int" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:schema>
二、客戶端發送soap消息、接收soap消息
- 這裏不再用工具生成客戶端
package test; import java.net.URL; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import javax.xml.soap.MessageFactory; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBody; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBodyElement; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPEnvelope; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPHeader; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage; import javax.xml.soap.SOAPPart; import javax.xml.ws.Dispatch; import javax.xml.ws.Service; import org.w3c.dom.Node; public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) throws RemoteException { /** * 發送soap消息 * */ try { // 創建一個message工廠 MessageFactory factory = MessageFactory.newInstance(); //獲取soapMessage對象 SOAPMessage send_message = factory.createMessage(); SOAPPart soapPart=send_message.getSOAPPart(); /** * 獲取head和body對象 */ SOAPEnvelope soapEnvelope=soapPart.getEnvelope(); SOAPBody soapBody=soapEnvelope.getBody(); SOAPHeader soapHeader=soapEnvelope.getHeader(); /** * 把數據封裝到body元素裏 */ //添加add標簽 QName addName=new QName("http://service/", "add","ns"); SOAPBodyElement soapBodyElement=soapBody.addBodyElement(addName); //添加add標簽中的子標簽 soapBodyElement.addChildElement(new QName("x")).setValue("1");; soapBodyElement.addChildElement(new QName("y")).setValue("10");; //打印發送到服務端的soap消息 send_message.writeTo(System.out); /* * 將消息發送到服務端 */ URL wsdlDocumentLocation=new URL("http://localhost:3030/first?wsdl"); QName serviceName=new QName("http://service/", "IFirstServiceImplService"); Service service=Service.create(wsdlDocumentLocation, serviceName); /** * createDispatch方法第一個參數的Qname的構造方法的參數為port標簽的name值 * Mode * Service.Mode.MESSAGE：發送是XML的Doucment對象 * Service.Mode.PAYLOAD：發送的是XML的字符串 */ QName portName=new QName("http://service/","IFirstServiceImplPort"); Dispatch<SOAPMessage> dispatch=service.createDispatch(portName,SOAPMessage.class,Service.Mode.MESSAGE); //發送soap消息，並接收服務端返回的soap消息 SOAPMessage respon_message=dispatch.invoke(send_message); System.out.println("服務端返回soap消息"); respon_message.writeTo(System.out); /** * 解析從服務端返回的soap消息 */ SOAPPart part=respon_message.getSOAPPart(); SOAPEnvelope envelope=part.getEnvelope(); SOAPBody body=envelope.getBody(); Node node=body.getElementsByTagName("addResult").item(0); System.out.println(); System.out.println("result=="+node.getTextContent()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
結果：
（六）發送、接收SOAP消息（1）