本文是閱讀《深度解析Tomcat》的筆記。

源碼：http://www.brainysoftware.com/source/9780975212806.zip
├── src
│ └── pyrmont
│ ├── Constants.java
│ ├── HttpServer1.java
│ ├── HttpServer2.java
│ ├── RequestFacade.java
│ ├── Request.java
│ ├── ResponseFacade.java
│ ├── Response.java
│ ├── ServletProcessor1.java
│ ├── ServletProcessor2.java
│ └── StaticResourceProcessor.java
└── webroot
├── images
│ └── logo.gif
├── index.html
├── PrimitiveServlet.class
└── PrimitiveServlet.java

1、HttpServer1監聽在8080端口，等待客戶端socket連接，一旦有客戶端連接，就為此客戶端新建一個Request、Response，並分別傳遞InputStream，OutputStream。

其實就是把客戶端的輸入和服務器的輸出封裝到Request、Response。

2、HttpServer1利用Request解析url，判斷客戶端是要請求靜態資源還是一個Servlet(目前的HttpServer1只支持這兩種簡單的請求)。

如果是靜態資源則交給StaticResourceProcessor處理，Servlert則交給ServletProcessor1處理。

StaticResourceProcessor：調用Response處理靜態文件，即利用IO讀寫文件。

ServletProcessor1：解析url中Servlet的Name，找到該Servlet的class文件，加載Servlet。調用xxxServlet.service((ServletRequest)request,(ServletResponse)response)

優化分析：

xxxServlet.service((ServletRequest)request,(ServletResponse)response)，把我們web容器的request，response傳給web程序，如果該程序員了解我們容器的實現，他就可以

向下轉型為Request、Response。我們並不希望Request、Response的實現細節暴露給調用這，所以不能是public修飾方法，只能是默認修飾。為了更優雅的達到目的，可以用外觀模式，新增外觀類 RequestFacade

xxxServlet.service((ServletRequest)request,(ServletResponse)response)裏的request，response是RequestFacade，ResponseFacade。

啟動HttpServer1，在項目下應該有webroot文件夾，裏面有index.html ,和xxServlet.class

訪問：http://127.0.0.1:8080/index.html

訪問：http://127.0.0.1:8080/servlet/xxServlet

源碼：

package pyrmont;

import java.io.File;

public class Constants {
    public static final String WEB_ROOT =
            System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "webroot";

}

package pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class HttpServer1 {

    /**
     * WEB_ROOT is the directory where our HTML and other files reside.
     * For this package, WEB_ROOT is the "webroot" directory under the working
     * directory.
     * The working directory is the location in the file system
     * from where the java command was invoked.
     */
    // shutdown command
    private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

    // the shutdown command received
    private boolean shutdown = false;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpServer1 server = new HttpServer1();
        server.await();
    }

    public void await() {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        int port = 8080;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // Loop waiting for a request
        while (!shutdown) {
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream input = null;
            OutputStream output = null;
            try {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                input = socket.getInputStream();
                output = socket.getOutputStream();

                // create Request object and parse
                Request request = new Request(input);
                request.parse();

                // create Response object
                Response response = new Response(output);
                response.setRequest(request);

                // check if this is a request for a servlet or a static resource
                // a request for a servlet begins with "/servlet/"
                if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) {
                    ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                } else {
                    StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                }

                // Close the socket
                socket.close();
                //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
                shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }
}

package pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;

public class StaticResourceProcessor {

    public void process(Request request, Response response) {
        try {
            response.sendStaticResource();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;

public class ServletProcessor1 {

  public void process(Request request, Response response) {

    String uri = request.getUri();
    String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    URLClassLoader loader = null;

    try {
      // create a URLClassLoader
      URL[] urls = new URL[1];
      URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;
      File classPath = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT);
      // the forming of repository is taken from the createClassLoader method in
      // org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory
      String repository = (new URL("file", null, classPath.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)).toString() ;
      // the code for forming the URL is taken from the addRepository method in
      // org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader class.
      urls[0] = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
      loader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString() );
    }
    Class myClass = null;
    try {
      myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

    Servlet servlet = null;

    try {
      servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
      servlet.service((ServletRequest) request, (ServletResponse) response);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
    catch (Throwable e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

  }
}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;


public class Request implements ServletRequest {

  private InputStream input;
  private String uri;

  public Request(InputStream input) {
    this.input = input;
  }

  public String getUri() {
    return uri;
  }

  private String parseUri(String requestString) {
    int index1, index2;
    index1 = requestString.indexOf(‘ ‘);
    if (index1 != -1) {
      index2 = requestString.indexOf(‘ ‘, index1 + 1);
      if (index2 > index1)
        return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
    }
    return null;
  }

  public void parse() {
    // Read a set of characters from the socket
    StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
    int i;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    try {
      i = input.read(buffer);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      i = -1;
    }
    for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
      request.append((char) buffer[j]);
    }
    System.out.print(request.toString());
    uri = parseUri(request.toString());
  }

 ...
}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Locale;

public class Response implements ServletResponse {

  private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
  Request request;
  OutputStream output;
  PrintWriter writer;

  public Response(OutputStream output) {
    this.output = output;
  }

  public void setRequest(Request request) {
    this.request = request;
  }

  /* This method is used to serve a static page */
  public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    try {
      /* request.getUri has been replaced by request.getRequestURI */
      File file = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
      fis = new FileInputStream(file);
      /*
         HTTP Response = Status-Line
           *(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF)
           CRLF
           [ message-body ]
         Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF
      */
      int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
      while (ch!=-1) {
        output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
        ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
      }
    }
    catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
        "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
        "Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
        "\r\n" +
        "<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
      output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
    }
    finally {
      if (fis!=null)
        fis.close();
    }
  }



  public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
    // autoflush is true, println() will flush,
    // but print() will not.
    writer = new PrintWriter(output, true);
    return writer;
  }

...
}

優化：

package pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class HttpServer2 {

  // shutdown command
  private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

  // the shutdown command received
  private boolean shutdown = false;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    HttpServer2 server = new HttpServer2();
    server.await();
  }

  public void await() {
    ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
    int port = 8080;
    try {
      serverSocket =  new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      System.exit(1);
    }

    // Loop waiting for a request
    while (!shutdown) {
      Socket socket = null;
      InputStream input = null;
      OutputStream output = null;
      try {
        socket = serverSocket.accept();
        input = socket.getInputStream();
        output = socket.getOutputStream();

        // create Request object and parse
        Request request = new Request(input);
        request.parse();

        // create Response object
        Response response = new Response(output);
        response.setRequest(request);

        //check if this is a request for a servlet or a static resource
        //a request for a servlet begins with "/servlet/"
        if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) {
          ServletProcessor2 processor = new ServletProcessor2();
          processor.process(request, response);
        }
        else {
          StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor();
          processor.process(request, response);
        }

        // Close the socket
        socket.close();
        //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
        shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(1);
      }
    }
  }
}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;

public class ServletProcessor2 {

  public void process(Request request, Response response) {

    String uri = request.getUri();
    String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    URLClassLoader loader = null;

    try {
      // create a URLClassLoader
      URL[] urls = new URL[1];
      URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;
      File classPath = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT);
      // the forming of repository is taken from the createClassLoader method in
      // org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory
      String repository = (new URL("file", null, classPath.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)).toString() ;
      // the code for forming the URL is taken from the addRepository method in
      // org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader class.
      urls[0] = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
      loader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString() );
    }
    Class myClass = null;
    try {
      myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

    Servlet servlet = null;
    RequestFacade requestFacade = new RequestFacade(request);
    ResponseFacade responseFacade = new ResponseFacade(response);
    try {
      servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
      servlet.service((ServletRequest) requestFacade, (ServletResponse) responseFacade);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
    catch (Throwable e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

  }
}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

public class RequestFacade implements ServletRequest {

  private ServletRequest request = null;

  public RequestFacade(Request request) {
    this.request = request;
  }
...

}

package pyrmont;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;

public class ResponseFacade implements ServletResponse {

  private ServletResponse response;
  public ResponseFacade(Response response) {
    this.response = response;
  }

...

}

實現Servlet容器一