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mysql(設置/更改mysql密碼,連接MySQL,MySQL常用命令,MySQL兩種引擎區別)

export elf sdn name 啟動 inux 版本 glob 第一個

設置/更改MySQL的密碼問題

一,設置mysql密碼

我們安裝MySQL時,把它放在了/usr/local/mysql/下,在當前的環境中並沒有這個目錄,所以我們要把目錄添加到當前目錄下。

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

[root@lnmp ~]# source /etc/profile

這樣我們就可以在任意環境下進入MySQL,第一次進入MySQL時,是沒有密碼的。

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot (用這個命令可以直接進入mysql。)

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1


mysql> quit (quit可以直接退出MySQL)

Bye


[root@lnmp ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin (在Mysql/bin下,這個文件用來配置或更改mysql密碼)

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415 8055556 3月 18 2017 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin


[root@lnmp ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'westos123'; (添加密碼westos123,下面warning是警告你把密碼顯示出來了)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.


我們不輸入密碼登錄看看:

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot (提示你沒有輸入密碼)

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p (加-p輸入剛才的密碼即可進入)

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


二、如何更改MySQL密碼

[root@lnmp ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'westos123' password 'westos321' (這裏需要註意-p後不用加空格)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.


[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'westos123' (用舊密碼登錄時報錯)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)


[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'westos321' (新密碼可以正常登錄)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


三、如何重置MySQL密碼?(忘記了MySQL密碼)

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf (修改配置文件)

[mysqld] (在mysqld的下面加上一行)

skip-grant

[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart (重新啟動MySQL服務)

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!


進入mysql庫裏更改一個表。

mysql> select password from user; (可以查看密碼)

+-------------------------------------------+

| password |

+-------------------------------------------+

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| |

| |

+-------------------------------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


下面這條命令就是用來修改密碼的,第一個password是字符,第二個password是函數,我們看到上面的密碼都是加密的,就是因為函數

mysql> update user set password=password('aminglinux') where user='root';

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0


修改完配置文件以後,我們應該把剛才的配置文件改回來,並重新啟動MySQL,否則任何人登錄MySQL都不用密碼。

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

刪除 skip-grant


[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!


我們再嘗試用新密碼登錄,發現配置完成、

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'aminglinux'

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


連接MySQL


一、連接mysql的二種方法。

第一種就是我們經常訪問本機的方式,直接使用賬戶和密碼登錄

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


其實這種方法,默認是用sock的連接的,如果把命令全部敲出來,應該是

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -S/tmp/mysql.sock (用S來指定sock文件,默認監聽的是/tmp/mysql.sock)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


遠程連接:(還是用本機的MySQL來做實驗,本機的ip是127.0.0.1)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 (-h來指定ip地址,-P指定端口號,MySQL默認外網訪問3306端口)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


二、用命令行直接操作mysql命令。(在shell腳本時非常實用)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -e "show databases" (-e直接加命令,可以不用進入mysql直接操作,查看所有數據庫)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+


MySQL常用命令

mysql> create database rxr; (創建一個rxr的數據庫)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.49 sec)


mysql> show databases; (查看本地所有數據庫)

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| lty |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| rxr |

| test |

+--------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> use rxr; (進入到rxr數據庫中)

Database changed


mysql> create table lty(`id`int(4),`name`char(40)); (創建一個lty的表,Id和Name只是表裏的參數,括號裏定義最大字符)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show tables; (查看所在數據庫裏的表)

+---------------+

| Tables_in_rxr |

+---------------+

| lty |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show create table lty; (查看建表的語句)

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| lty | CREATE TABLE `lty` (

`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> desc lty; (查看表裏的字段)

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |

| name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+


mysql> select user(); (查看鏈接數據庫的用戶)

+----------------+

| user() |

+----------------+

| root@localhost |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select database(); (查看當前使用的數據庫)

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| rxr |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select (); (查看當前數據庫版本)

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.6.36 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show status; (查看數據庫狀態)因為比較長,所以就不列出來內容了



mysql> show variables; (查看各項參數,一般這裏的參數都可以用vim在/etc/my.cnf裏修改)因為比較長,所以就不列出來內容了mysql> show variables like 'max_connect_errors'; (列出來指定選項)

+--------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------+-------+

| max_connect_errors | 100 |

+--------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; (直接在數據庫裏修改參數,但是如果想要永久修改,還是要去配置文件裏)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show variables like 'max_connect_errors'; (可以看到max_connect_errors被修改成1000)

+--------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------+-------+

| max_connect_errors | 1000 |

+--------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show processlist; (這個命令相當於ps或者top,查看數據庫的操作)

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

| 3 | root | localhost | rxr | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



MySQL引擎myisam和innodb的區別:

http://blog.csdn.net/xifeijian/article/details/20316775


mysql(設置/更改mysql密碼,連接MySQL,MySQL常用命令,MySQL兩種引擎區別)