從GitHub得到完整項目（https://github.com/daleyzou/douban.git）

1、成果展示

數據庫

本地海報圖片

2、環境

（1）已安裝Scrapy的Pycharm

(2)mysql

（3）連上網絡的電腦

3、實體類設計

4、代碼

items.py

  1 class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
  2     title = scrapy.Field()
  3     bd = scrapy.Field()
  4     star = scrapy.Field()
  5     quote = scrapy.Field()
  6     img_url = scrapy.Field()
  7
 
     pic_path = scrapy.Field()

doubanmovie.py(爬蟲類)

  1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  2 import scrapy
  3 
  4 # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
  5 from douban.items import DoubanItem
  6 import sys
  7 reload(sys)
  8 sys.setdefaultencoding(‘utf-8‘)
  9 
 10 
 11 class DoubanmovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 12
 
     name = ‘doubanmovie‘
 13     allowed_domains = [‘douban.com‘]
 14     offset = 0
 15     url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
 16     start_urls = [url + str(offset),]
 17 
 18     def parse(self, response):
 19         item = DoubanItem()
 20         movies = response.xpath("//div[ @class =‘info‘]
 
")
 21         links = response.xpath("//div[ @class =‘pic‘]//img/@src").extract()
 22         for (each, link) in zip(movies,links):
 23             # 標題
 24             item[‘title‘] = each.xpath(‘.//span[@class ="title"][1]/text()‘).extract()[0]
 25             # 信息
 26             item[‘bd‘] = each.xpath(‘.//div[@ class ="bd"][1]/p/text()‘).extract()[0]
 27             # 評分
 28             item[‘star‘] = each.xpath(‘.//div[@class ="star"]/span[@ class ="rating_num"]/text()‘).extract()[0]
 29             # 簡介
 30             quote = each.xpath(‘.//p[@ class ="quote"] / span / text()‘).extract()
 31             # quote可能為空，因此需要先進行判斷
 32             if quote:
 33                 quote = quote[0]
 34             else:
 35                 quote = ‘‘
 36             item[‘quote‘] = quote
 37             item[‘img_url‘] = link
 38 
 39             yield item
 40         if self.offset < 225:
 41             self.offset += 25
 42             yield scrapy.Request(self.url+str(self.offset), callback=self.parse)
 43 

pipelines.py

  1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  2 
  3 import MySQLdb
  4 
  5 
  6 from scrapy import Request
  7 from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
  8 
  9 
 10 class DoubanPipeline(object):
 11 
 12     def __init__(self):
 13         self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘localhost‘, port=3306, db=‘douban‘, user=‘root‘, passwd=‘root‘, charset=‘utf8‘)
 14         self.cur = self.conn.cursor()
 15 
 16     def process_item(self, item, spider):
 17         print ‘--------------------------------------------‘
 18         print item[‘title‘]
 19         print ‘--------------------------------------------‘
 20         try:
 21             sql = "INSERT IGNORE INTO doubanmovies(title,bd,star,quote_mv,img_url) VALUES(\‘%s\‘,\‘%s\‘,%f,\‘%s\‘,\‘%s\‘)" %(item[‘title‘], item[‘bd‘], float(item[‘star‘]), item[‘quote‘], item[‘title‘]+".jpg")
 22             self.cur.execute(sql)
 23             self.conn.commit()
 24         except Exception, e:
 25             print "----------------------inserted faild!!!!!!!!-------------------------------"
 26             print e.message
 27         return item
 28 
 29     def close_spider(self, spider):
 30         print ‘-----------------------quit-------------------------------------------‘
 31         # 關閉數據庫連接
 32         self.cur.close()
 33         self.conn.close()
 34 
 35 
 36 # 下載圖片
 37 class DownloadImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
 38     def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
 39         image_url = item[‘img_url‘]
 40         # 添加meta是為了下面重命名文件名使用
 41         yield Request(image_url,meta={‘title‘: item[‘title‘]})
 42 
 43     def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
 44         title = request.meta[‘title‘]  # 通過上面的meta傳遞過來item
 45         image_guid = request.url.split(‘.‘)[-1]
 46         filename = u‘{0}.{1}‘.format(title, image_guid)
 47         print ‘++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++‘
 48         print filename
 49         print ‘++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++‘
 50         return filename
 51 
 52 
 53 

middlewares.py

  1 import random
  2 import base64
  3 from settings import USER_AGENTS
  4 from settings import PROXIES
  5 
  6 class RandomUserAgent(object):
  7     def process_request(self, request, spider):
  8         useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)
  9         request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent",useragent)
 10 
 11 
 12 class RandomProxy(object):
 13     def process_request(self, request, spider):
 14         proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
 15         print ‘---------------------‘
 16         print proxy
 17         if proxy[‘user_passwd‘] is None:
 18             # 如果沒有代理賬戶驗證
 19             request.meta[‘proxy‘] = "http://" + proxy[‘ip_port‘]
 20         else:
 21             base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy[‘user_passwd‘])
 22             # 對賬戶密碼進行base64編碼轉換
 23             request.meta[‘proxy‘] = "http://" + proxy[‘ip_port‘]
 24             # 對應到代理服務器的信令格式裏
 25             request.headers[‘Proxy-Authorization‘] = ‘Basic ‘+ base64_userpasswd
 26 

解釋HTTP代理使用base64編碼

為什麽HTTP代理要使用base64編碼：

HTTP代理的原理很簡單，就是通過HTTP協議與代理服務器建立連接，
協議信令中包含要連接到的遠程主機的IP和端口號，如果有需要身份驗證的話還需要加上授權信息，
服務器收到信令後首先進行身份驗證，通過後便與遠程主機建立連接，連接成功之後會返回給客戶端200，
表示驗證通過，就這麽簡單，下面是具體的信令格式：

CONNECT 59.64.128.198:21 HTTP/1.1
Host: 59.64.128.198:21
Proxy-Authorization: Basic bGV2I1TU5OTIz
User-Agent: OpenFetion

其中Proxy-Authorization是身份驗證信息，
Basic後面的字符串是用戶名和密碼組合後進行base64編碼的結果，
也就是對username:password進行base64編碼。

HTTP/1.0 200 Connection established

OK，客戶端收到收面的信令後表示成功建立連接，
接下來要發送給遠程主機的數據就可以發送給代理服務器了，
代理服務器建立連接後會在根據IP地址和端口號對應的連接放入緩存，
收到信令後再根據IP地址和端口號從緩存中找到對應的連接，將數據通過該連接轉發出去。

settings.py

  1 USER_AGENTS = [
  2 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1‘,
  3 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3‘,
  4 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12‘,
  5 ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)‘,
  6 ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2)‘,
  7 ‘Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)‘,
  8 ‘Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)‘,
  9 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0 ‘,
 10 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.1 Safari/525.13‘,
 11 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/420.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/4A93 Safari/419.3‘,
 12 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.3; zh-cn; M032 Build/IML74K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30‘
 13 ]
 14 
 15 PROXIES = [
 16    {"ip_port":"202.103.14.155:8118","user_passwd":""},
 17    {"ip_port":"110.73.11.21:8123","user_passwd":""}
 18 ]
 19 # Enable or disable extensions
 20 # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
 21 #EXTENSIONS = {
 22 #    ‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole‘: None,
 23 #}
 24 
 25 # Configure item pipelines
 26 # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
 27 ITEM_PIPELINES = {
 28    ‘douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline‘: 1,
 29    ‘douban.pipelines.DownloadImagesPipeline‘: 100
 30 }

IMAGES_STORE = ‘D:\Python\Scrapy\douban\Images‘

5、運行

(1)打開本地MySQL數據庫

（2）創建一個douban的數據庫，並新建一個doubanmovie的表

（3）更改代碼中連接到數據庫代碼中的端口、用戶名、密碼

（4）切換到項目目錄下的/douban/douban/spiders中

（5）運行scrapy crawl doubanmovie

Scrapy爬取豆瓣電影top250的電影數據、海報，MySQL存儲