Python作為一個高級編程語言，不知從何時起就在圈子裏流行起來了。個人也是圖個鮮，跟上時代步伐學習了一下。“魯迅”說過：不能學以致用，就是耍流氓。我用python對虎撲論壇作了一個爬蟲。腳本寫的糙了點，權作初學者交流使用，同時也方便以後查閱。本來是準備寫一個虎撲的分析帖子，可後來動力不足就沒有寫成了。不過，作為一個馬刺球迷很榮幸我們的組織是熱度前三。

　　準備工作：安裝Python、安裝MySQL、虛擬機【選擇性，後期將每日放在服務器上執行定時任務使用】

　　　　1、安裝python：選擇3.*，過程忽略

　　　　2、安裝MySQL：選擇5.6版本及以上，過程忽略

　　　　3、虛擬機：linux系列，過程忽略

　　需求描述

　　　　爬取虎撲論壇帖子，了解帖子內容、作者、熱度等。

　　寫腳本

　　　　一共分為三部分：part1通過對當前鏈接進行分析，提取帖子作者、閱讀的信息；part2取得帖子本身的內容；part3對發帖人進行數據提取，為後期分析提供思路。具體的腳本如下。需要註意的是：編碼、編碼、編碼。謝謝！

　　　　註：由於虎撲的反爬蟲導致可細分論壇的可讀取頁面數為10（突破防禦失敗，謝謝！）這種情況下，我的處理方式是將腳本放入服務器中每日爬取進行累積。

　　　　Part1：爬取帖子的名稱、作者、創建時間、閱讀/回復、作者鏈接等，並放入本地MySQL數據庫

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import json
import time
import pymysql
import importlib,sys
importlib.reload(sys)


forum_note_sum=[]  #variavle：save the content of tiezi
list_d=[‘原創‘,‘翻譯‘,‘討論‘]  #內容判斷條件，如果帖子標題內容為此，取另一個值
type = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
#num:the record number of one page；get tiezi of author and others
def parent_li_web(num):
    forum_note_record = {}
    try:
        parent_tiezi=bs_obj.find(‘ul‘,class_=‘for-list‘).find_all(‘li‘)[num]
        div_one = parent_tiezi.find(‘div‘, class_=‘titlelink box‘)
        div_two = parent_tiezi.find(‘div‘, class_=‘author box‘)
        span_three = parent_tiezi.find(‘span‘, class_=‘ansour box‘).string.strip()
        div_four = parent_tiezi.find(‘div‘, class_=‘endreply box‘)
        subname=div_one.a.string
        sublink=‘https://bbs.hupu.com‘+div_one.a[‘href‘]
        team_tmp=theme_tmp
        for i in list_d:
            if i==subname:
                subname=div_one.find_all(‘a‘)[1].string
                sublink=‘https://bbs.hupu.com‘+div_one.find_all(‘a‘)[1][‘href‘]
                # print (i,subname,sublink)

        forum_note_record.update({
            ‘subname‘:subname,
            ‘subname_link‘:sublink,
            ‘author‘:div_two.a.string,
            ‘author_link‘:div_two.a[‘href‘],
            ‘author_create_time‘:div_two.find(‘a‘,style=‘color:#808080;cursor: initial; ‘).string,
            ‘read_reply_number‘:span_three,
            ‘last_reply_writer‘:div_four.span.string,
            ‘last_reply_time‘:div_four.a.string,
            ‘team_tmp‘:team_tmp
        })
        forum_note_sum.append(forum_note_record)
    except:
        return None

if __name__==‘__main__‘:
    # all_spurs_note
    begin_time=time.time()
    print(‘---------腳本執行時間為：{}------------‘.format(time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())))
    team_list = [‘rockets‘, ‘warriors‘, ‘cavaliers‘, ‘spurs‘, ‘lakers‘, ‘celtics‘, ‘thunder‘, ‘clippers‘,
                 ‘timberwolves‘, ‘mavericks‘, ‘knicks‘, ‘bulls‘, ‘nets‘, ‘sixers‘, ‘jazz‘, ‘pacers‘, ‘blazers‘, ‘heat‘,
                 ‘suns‘, ‘grizzlies‘, ‘wizards‘, ‘pelicans‘, ‘bucks‘, ‘kings‘, ‘raptors‘, ‘nuggets‘, ‘hawks‘, ‘hornets‘,
                 ‘pistons‘, ‘magic‘]
    for li in team_list:
        forum_note_sum_code=[]
        theme_tmp=li
        for i in range(1,11,1):   #由於虎撲反爬，只能爬到10頁；後續可放入linux中定時執行
            url = ‘https://bbs.hupu.com/{}-{}‘.format(li,i)
            print (url)
            wb_string = requests.get(url)
            bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(wb_string.content, ‘html.parser‘)

            with open(‘web_spider_original.txt‘,‘w‘,encoding=‘utf8‘) as f:
                f.write(str(bs_obj))
                f.write(‘\r‘*10+‘-----我是分割線-----‘+‘\r‘*10)

            for j in range(1,61,1):   #每個頁面數據有60個帖子
                parent_li_web(j)
            with open(‘hupu_spider_spurs_load.txt‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf8‘) as f:
                for item in forum_note_sum:
                    json.dump(item,f,ensure_ascii=False)
                    f.write(‘\r‘)

     #insert into mysql
    conn=pymysql.connect(host=‘localhost‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘spider‘,port=3306,charset=‘utf8‘)
    cur=conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(‘delete from hupuforum_spurs_note_daytmp‘)
    with open(‘hupu_spider_spurs_load.txt‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf8‘) as f:
        for item in f:
            item=json.loads(item) #how convert string to dict
            # print(type(item))
            cur.execute(‘insert into hupuforum_spurs_note_daytmp(subname,subname_link,author,author_link,author_create_time,read_reply_number,last_reply_writer,last_reply_time,theme_title) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)‘,(item[‘subname‘],item[‘subname_link‘],item[‘author‘],item[‘author_link‘],item[‘author_create_time‘],item[‘read_reply_number‘],item[‘last_reply_writer‘],item[‘last_reply_time‘],item[‘team_tmp‘]))
    conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
    print(‘Finished!本次執行消耗時間為：{}秒‘.format(time.time()-begin_time))

　　Part2：增加貼子內容並更新部分字段

# coding=utf8
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pymysql
import signal

begin_time=time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())
conn=pymysql.connect(host=‘localhost‘,port=3306,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘spider‘,charset=‘utf8‘)
cur=conn.cursor()
sub_cur 
 
= conn.cursor()
cur.execute(‘INSERT INTO hupuforum_spurs_note SELECT * FROM hupuforum_spurs_note_daytmp WHERE subname_link NOT IN (SELECT a.subname_link FROM hupuforum_spurs_note a);‘)
cur.execute(‘update hupuforum_spurs_note a,hupuforum_spurs_note_daytmp b set a.read_reply_number=b.read_reply_number,a.last_reply_writer=b.last_reply_writer,a.last_reply_time=b.last_reply_time where a.subname_link=b.subname_link ‘)
# conn.commit()
cur.execute(‘use spider;‘)
conn.commit()
cur.execute(‘select subname_link from hupuforum_spurs_note where sub_text is null;‘)
for url in cur.fetchall():
    url=list(url)
    # print(url)
    try:
        wb_page = requests.get(url[0],timeout=2)   #實際執行中，存在網頁假死狀態，設置超時
        bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(wb_page.content, ‘html.parser‘)
        tmp_text = bs_obj.select(‘#tpc > div > div.floor_box > table.case > tbody > tr > td > div.quote-content‘)
        sub_text=tmp_text[0].get_text(strip=True)
        sub_text=sub_text.replace(‘\‘‘,‘’‘)

        sql="""update hupuforum_spurs_note set sub_text=\‘{}\‘ where subname_link={};""".format((sub_text[:1000]),str(url).replace(‘[‘,‘‘).replace(‘]‘,‘‘))

        # print(sql)
        sub_cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
        print(‘success‘)
    except IndexError as e:   #這個錯誤意味著頁面也不存在
        sql="""update hupuforum_spurs_note set sub_text=\‘{}\‘ where subname_link={};""".format(‘網頁不存在‘,str(url).replace(‘[‘,‘‘).replace(‘]‘,‘‘))
        sub_cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    except pymysql.err.InternalError as e:  #說明內容中包含emoj等utf8四字符內容
        sql="""update hupuforum_spurs_note set sub_text=\‘{}\‘ where subname_link={};""".format(‘內容格式有誤，導致出錯！‘,str(url).replace(‘[‘,‘‘).replace(‘]‘,‘‘))
        sub_cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    except requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout as e: #網頁響應超時
        sql="""update hupuforum_spurs_note set sub_text=\‘{}\‘ where subname_link={};""".format(‘網頁打開超時‘,str(url).replace(‘[‘,‘‘).replace(‘]‘,‘‘))
        sub_cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    else:
        sql="""update hupuforum_spurs_note set sub_text=\‘{}\‘ where subname_link={};""".format(‘其他類型錯誤‘,str(url).replace(‘[‘,‘‘).replace(‘]‘,‘‘))
        sub_cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
conn.commit()
cur.close()
sub_cur.close()
conn.close()
end_time=time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())
print(‘Finished，任務開始時間為：{}，結束時間為：{}‘.format(begin_time,end_time))

　　Part3：爬取註冊用戶信息

# coding=utf8
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pymysql

begin_time=time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())
conn=pymysql.connect(host=‘localhost‘,port=3306,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘spider‘,charset=‘utf8‘)
cur=conn.cursor()
sub_cur=conn.cursor()
cur.execute(‘select distinct author_link from hupuforum_spurs_note;‘)
for author_url in cur.fetchall():
    try:
        author_url=list(author_url)
        wb_obj=requests.get(author_url[0],timeout=2)
        bs_obj=BeautifulSoup(wb_obj.content,‘html.parser‘)
        author=bs_obj.select(‘#main > div.personal > div.personal_right > h3 > div‘)[0].string
        author_visited=bs_obj.select(‘#main > div.personal > div.personal_right > h3 > span‘)[0].string.replace(‘有‘,‘‘).replace(‘人次訪問‘,‘‘)
        author_info=bs_obj.select(‘#main > div.personal > div.personal_right > div‘)[0].get_text(strip=True)
        sub_cur.execute(‘insert into hupuforum_authors_info(author,author_link,author_visited,author_info,author_status) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)‘,(author,author_url[0],author_visited,author_info,‘正常‘))
    except IndexError as e:
        sub_cur.execute(
            ‘insert into hupuforum_authors_info(author,author_link,author_visited,author_info,author_status) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)‘,
            (author, author_url[0], ‘‘, ‘‘, ‘無法訪問‘))
    conn.commit()
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
end_time=time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())
print(‘Finished，任務開始時間為：{}，結束時間為：{}‘.format(begin_time,end_time))

python-虎撲爬蟲