基於Mycat的MySQL主從讀寫分離配置詳解與示例
1.mycat二進制包安裝
tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
cd mycat
mv mycat /opt/
useradd mycat
chown -R mycat:mycat mycat
2.mysql操作
搭建主庫環境
省略......
創建數據庫
CREATE DATABASE `integration01` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 ;
創建物理表
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘主鍵‘,
`borrow_nid` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘借款單號‘,
`create_user` varchar(30) DEFAULT ‘admin‘ COMMENT ‘創建人‘,
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT ‘創建時間‘,
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT ‘更新時間‘,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘合同後簽署數據記錄表‘;
以此類推，從 user1，user2，user3一直創建到user10。
3.修改配置文件
[root@canal3 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="integration01" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
<table name="user" primaryKey="id" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1"></table >
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="canal3" database="integration01"/>
<dataHost name="canal3" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="3" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="2" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>show slave status</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="10.40.20.44" url="10.40.20.44:3307" user="root" password="chengce243">
<readHost host="10.40.20.44" url="10.40.20.44:3308" user="root" password="chengce243"/>
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
(1) 設置 balance="1"與writeType="0"
Balance參數設置：
1. balance=“0”, 所有讀操作都發送到當前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance=“1”，所有讀操作都隨機的發送到readHost。
3. balance=“2”，所有讀操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost上分發
WriteType參數設置：
1. writeType=“0”, 所有寫操作都發送到可用的writeHost上。
2. writeType=“1”，所有寫操作都隨機的發送到readHost。
3. writeType=“2”，所有寫操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost分上發。
“readHost是從屬於writeHost的，即意味著它從那個writeHost獲取同步數據，因此，當它所屬的writeHost宕機了，則它也不會再參與到讀寫分離中來，即“不工作了”，這是因為此時，它的數據已經“不可靠”了。基於這個考慮，目前mycat 1.3和1.4版本中，若想支持MySQL一主一從的標準配置，並且在主節點宕機的情況下，從節點還能讀取數據，則需要在Mycat裏配置為兩個writeHost並設置banlance=1。”
(2) 設置 switchType="2" 與slaveThreshold="100"
“Mycat心跳檢查語句配置為 show slave status ，dataHost 上定義兩個新屬性： switchType="2" 與slaveThreshold="100"，此時意味著開啟MySQL主從復制狀態綁定的讀寫分離與切換機制。Mycat心跳機制通過檢測 show slave status 中的 "Seconds_Behind_Master", "Slave_IO_Running", "Slave_SQL_Running" 三個字段來確定當前主從同步的狀態以及Seconds_Behind_Master主從復制時延。“
[root@canal3 conf]# cat server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0為需要密碼登陸、1為不需要密碼登陸 ,默認為0，設置為1則需要指定默認賬戶-->
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1為開啟實時統計、0為關閉 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1為開啟全加班一致性檢測、0為關閉 -->
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <!-- 子查詢中存在關聯查詢的情況下,檢查關聯字段中是否有分片字段 .默認 false -->
<!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1為開啟mysql壓縮協議-->
<!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--設置模擬的MySQL版本號-->
<!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
<!--
<property name="processors">1</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
-->
<!--默認為type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<!--默認是65535 64K 用於sql解析時最大文本長度 -->
<!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
<!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
<!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
<!--
<property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
<!--分布式事務開關，0為不過濾分布式事務，1為過濾分布式事務（如果分布式事務內只涉及全局表，則不過濾），2為不過濾分布式事務,但是記錄分布式事務日誌-->
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
<!--
off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1開啟 0關閉
-->
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
<!--
單位為m
-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
<!--
單位為k
-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
<!--
單位為m
-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
<!--是否采用zookeeper協調切換 -->
<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
<!-- XA Recovery Log日誌路徑 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->
<!-- XA Recovery Log日誌名稱 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
</system>
<!-- 全局SQL防火墻設置 -->
<!--白名單可以使用通配符%或著*-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--這些配置情況下對於127.0.0.1都能以root賬戶登錄-->
<!--
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false">
</blacklist>
</firewall>
-->
<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">integration01</property>
<!-- 表級 DML 權限設置 -->
</user>
<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">integration01</property>
<property name="readOnly">false</property>
</user>
</mycat:server>
[root@canal3 conf]# cat rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<tableRule name="rule1">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>func1</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="rule2">
<rule>
<columns>user_id</columns>
<algorithm>func1</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule>
<columns>sharding_id</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="mod-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="crc32slot">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
<rule>
<columns>create_time</columns>
<algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
<rule>
<columns>calldate</columns>
<algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<tableRule name="jch">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="murmur"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
<property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默認是0 -->
<property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的數據庫節點數量，必須指定，否則沒法分片 -->
<property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一個實際的數據庫節點被映射為這麽多虛擬節點，默認是160倍，也就是虛擬節點數是物理節點數的160倍 -->
<!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 節點的權重，沒有指定權重的節點默認是1。以properties文件的格式填寫，以從0開始到count-1的整數值也就是節點索引為key，以節點權重值為值。所有權重值必須是正整數，否則以1代替 -->
<!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property>
用於測試時觀察各物理節點與虛擬節點的分布情況，如果指定了這個屬性，會把虛擬節點的murmur hash值與物理節點的映射按行輸出到這個文件，沒有默認值，如果不指定，就不會輸出任何東西 -->
</function>
<function name="crc32slot"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
<property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的數據庫節點數量，必須指定，否則沒法分片 -->
</function>
<function name="hash-int"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
</function>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">10</property>
</function>
<function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
<property name="partitionCount">8</property>
<property name="partitionLength">128</property>
</function>
<function name="latestMonth"
class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
<property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
</function>
<function name="partbymonth"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
<property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
<property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
</function>
<function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
<property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
</function>
<function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
<property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
</function>
</mycat:rule>
4.查詢分表
[root@canal3 ~]# mysql -uuser -puser -h10.40.20.44 -P8066 integration01
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------------+
| Tables in integration01 |
+-------------------------+
| user |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(10,‘201802051008610‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(11,‘201802051008611‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(12,‘201802051008612‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(13,‘201802051008613‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(14,‘201802051008614‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(15,‘201802051008615‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(16,‘201802051008616‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(17,‘201802051008617‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(18,‘201802051008618‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(19,‘201802051008619‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(20,‘201802051008620‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(21,‘201802051008621‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(22,‘201802051008622‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
insert into user (id,borrow_nid,create_user,create_time,update_time) values(23,‘201802051008623‘,‘dba‘,now(),now());
mysql> explain select * from user;
+-----------+--------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user1 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user10 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user2 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user3 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user4 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user5 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user6 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user7 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user8 LIMIT 100 |
| dn1 | SELECT * FROM user9 LIMIT 100 |
+-----------+--------------------------------+
基於Mycat的MySQL主從讀寫分離配置詳解與示例