Linux下部署Samba服務環境的操作記錄
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-03-12
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關於Linux和Windows系統之間的文件傳輸,很多人選擇使用FTP,相對較安全,但是有時還是會出現一些問題,比如上傳文件時,文件名莫名出現亂碼,文件大小改變等問題。相比較來說,使用Samba作為文件共享,就省事簡潔多了。Samba服務器通信協議(Server Messages Block)就是是為了解決局域網內的文件或打印機等資源的共享服務問題,讓多個主機之間共享文件變成越來越簡單。下面簡單介紹下,在Centos7下部署Samba服務的操作記錄(測試機192.168.10.204):
1)安裝Samba
[root@samba-server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [root@samba-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep samba [root@samba-server ~]# yum install -y samba
2)安全角度考慮,需要設置防火墻策略(不要關閉防火墻)
添加samba服務到防火墻策略中 [root@samba-server ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service samba --permanent success 重啟防火墻 [root@samba-server ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success 查看samba服務是否添加到防火墻中: [root@samba-server ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all|grep samba services: ssh dhcpv6-client samba 記住:一定要關閉selinux(否則會造成windows客戶機連接Samba失敗) [root@samba-server ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux ..... SELINUX=disabled [root@samba-server kevin]# setenforce 0 [root@samba-server kevin]# getenforce Permissive
3)配置Samba服務文件
[root@samba-server ~]# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak [root@samba-server ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf # See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or # read the smb.conf manpage. # Run ‘testparm‘ to verify the config is correct after # you modified it. [global] //全局配置 workgroup = SAMBA security = user passdb backend = tdbsam printing = cups printcap name = cups load printers = yes cups options = raw [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S, %D%w%S browseable = No read only = No inherit acls = Yes [printers] //共享打印機配置 comment = All Printers path = /var/tmp printable = Yes create mask = 0600 browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/drivers write list = root create mask = 0664 directory mask = 0775 [kevin] //這一段是新添加的內容 comment = please do not modify it all will //comment是對該共享的描述,可以是任意字符串 path= /home/kevin //共享的路徑 writable = yes //是否寫入 public = no //是否公開
4)添加kevin賬號(如上配置中添加的內容)
設置為不予許登入系統,且用戶的家目錄為 /home/kevin(相當於虛擬賬號)的kevin賬號。 [root@samba-server ~]# useradd -d /home/kevin -s /sbin/nologin kevin
5)pdbedit 命令說明
pdbedit 命令用於管理Samba服務的帳戶信息數據庫,格式為:"pdbedit [選項] 帳戶" 第一次把用戶信息寫入到數據庫時需要使用-a參數,以後修改用戶密碼、刪除用戶等等操作就不再需要了。 pdbedit -L :查看samba用戶 pdbedit -a -u user:添加samba用戶 pdbedit -r -u user:修改samba用戶信息 pdbedit -x -u user:刪除samba用戶 samba服務數據庫的密碼也可以用 smbpasswd 命令 操作 smbpasswd -a user:添加一個samba用戶 smbpasswd -d user:禁用一個samba用戶 smbpasswd -e user:恢復一個samba用戶 smbpasswd -x user:刪除一個samba用戶
6)將kevin添加為samba用戶
[root@samba-server ~]# id kevin uid=1001(kevin) gid=1001(kevin) groups=1001(kevin) [root@samba-server ~]# pdbedit -a -u kevin new password: //設置kevin使用的samba賬號密碼,比如123456 retype new password: //確認密碼 Unix username: kevin NT username: Account Flags: [U ] User SID: S-1-5-21-33923925-2092173964-3757452328-1000 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-33923925-2092173964-3757452328-513 Full Name: Home Directory: \\samba-server\kevin HomeDir Drive: Logon Script: Profile Path: \\samba-server\kevin\profile Domain: SAMBA-SERVER Account desc: Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Kickoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Password last set: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 18:07:58 CST Password can change: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 18:07:58 CST Password must change: never Last bad password : 0 Bad password count : 0 Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 接著修改samba用戶的家目錄權限 [root@samba-server ~]# chown -Rf kevin.kevin /home/kevin
7)啟動Samba服務
[root@samba-server ~]# systemctl start smb [root@samba-server ~]# systemctl enable smb Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service. [root@samba-server ~]# systemctl restart smb [root@samba-server ~]# systemctl status smb ● smb.service - Samba SMB Daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-03-12 18:11:20 CST; 3s ago Main PID: 977 (smbd) Status: "smbd: ready to serve connections..." CGroup: /system.slice/smb.service ├─977 /usr/sbin/smbd ├─978 /usr/sbin/smbd ├─979 /usr/sbin/smbd └─980 /usr/sbin/smbd Mar 12 18:11:19 samba-server systemd[1]: Starting Samba SMB Daemon... Mar 12 18:11:19 samba-server systemd[1]: smb.service: Supervising process 977 which is not our child. We‘ll most likely not... exits. Mar 12 18:11:20 samba-server smbd[977]: [2018/03/12 18:11:20.065982, 0] ../lib/util/become_daemon.c:124(daemon_ready) Mar 12 18:11:20 samba-server systemd[1]: Started Samba SMB Daemon. Mar 12 18:11:20 samba-server smbd[977]: STATUS=daemon ‘smbd‘ finished starting up and ready to serve connections Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
8)開始測試
先往共享路徑/home/kevin裏添加點內容
[root@samba-server kevin]# touch test1 test2 test3 [root@samba-server kevin]# mkdir a1 a2 a3 [root@samba-server kevin]# ls a1 a2 a3 test1 test2 test3
接著再windos 客戶機本地測試。”Win+E鍵"打開,在最上面的"網絡"地址欄輸入“\\192.168.10.204”,然後回車,輸入上面設置的samba賬號kevin及其密碼,就能共享到linux上的/home/kevin下的文件了
連接上後,就可以在windows和linux直接進行文件夾的共享操作了,可以讓裏面放點測試文件
如果在windows客戶機上連接Samba出現網絡錯誤:Windows 無法訪問\\192.168.10.204\kevin,解決辦法如下:
查看上下文的安全關系 [root@samba-server ~]# semanage kevin -a -t samba_share_t /home/kevin/ -bash: semanage: command not found 如果系統出現上面的報錯 ,說明你系統裏沒有安裝 semanage命令,下面開始安裝semanage: [root@samba-server ~]# yum provides /usr/sbin/semanage Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.0x.sg * epel: mirror.dmmlabs.jp * extras: mirror.0x.sg * updates: mirror.0x.sg policycoreutils-python-2.5-17.1.el7.x86_64 : SELinux policy core python utilities //這個是安裝包 Repo : base Matched from: Filename : [root@samba-server ~]# yum install -y policycoreutils-python 然後再執行一次,執行完成後,不要忘了刷新上下文關系 [root@samba-server ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t /home/kevin [root@samba-server ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/kevin 允許SElinux對於SMB用戶共享家目錄的布爾值 重啟Samba [root@samba-server ~]# systemctl restart smb
Linux下部署Samba服務環境的操作記錄