2018-3-13 Linux學習筆記
- cd /usr/local/src
- wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
- tar zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
- cd nginx-1.12.1
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
- make && make install
- vim /etc/init.d/nginx #創建nginx配置文件,復制如下內容
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#以上代碼參考:
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinuxbook/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
- chkconfig --add nginx
-
chkconfig nginx on
- cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
- mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
- vim nginx.conf //創建nginx啟動腳本配置文件,寫入如下內容
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]‘
‘ $host "$request_uri" $status‘
‘ "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"‘;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ .php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#以上代碼參考:
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //檢查是否有語法錯誤
- /etc/init.d/nginx start //啟動nginx服務
- netstat -lntp |grep 80 //查看監聽80端口狀態
- 測試php解析
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php //加入如下內容
<?php
echo "test php scripts.";
?>
curl localhost/1.php //測試能否解析php
- 安裝過程中遇到的問題:
[root@kh-01 nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx
服務 nginx 不支持 chkconfig
原因是nginx配置文件中有錯誤,更正為如下圖後就OK了.
12.7 默認虛擬主機
- vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
- 把server{}這一部分先註釋掉,然後增加如下一行:
- include vhost/*.conf;
- mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost //創建虛擬主機目錄
- cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhos
- vim default.conf //加入如下內容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; #有這個標記的就是默認虛擬主機
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
} - mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
- echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加載nginx
測試默認虛擬主機:
- curl localhost
- curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com
12.8 Nginx用戶認證
- 1.針對整個站點的用戶認證:
-
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf #寫入如下內容
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;location / #用戶認證相關配置
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
} - yum install -y httpd #安裝apache,如果沒有,有可跳過該步
- /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd Auth_user #指定用戶認證的用戶名
- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加載nginx
- mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
- echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
-
測試用戶認證:
(1)通過curl測試
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #狀態碼為401說明需要驗證
curl -uAuth_user:123 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #訪問狀態碼變為200
(2)通過瀏覽器訪問測試
編輯windows的hosts文件,然後在瀏覽器中訪問test.com會有輸入用戶、密碼的彈窗 -
2. 針對目錄的用戶認證
location /admin/
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
} - 3. 針對某個頁面的用戶認證
location ~ admin.php
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
知識點:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
重新加載時,如果配置文件有語法錯誤,它是不生效的,這樣就不會導致nginx服務停掉;而重啟的話/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx restart則可能會導致nginx服務因有錯誤而不能正常啟動.
12.9 Nginx域名重定向
- 編輯/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf為如下內容:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != ‘test.com‘ ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
} - 測試結果:
知識點: - server_name後面支持寫多個域名,這是和httpd不同的,httpd只能通過server alias來做到這一點.
- permanent為永久重定向,狀態碼為301,如果寫成redirect,則狀態碼為302.
擴展學習:
nginx.conf 配置詳解
http://www.ha97.com/5194.html
http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880
nginx rewrite四種flag
http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html
http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943
2018-3-13 Linux學習筆記