1. 程式人生 > >數據庫的備份與還原系列——全備份+兩增量的備份與還原

數據庫的備份與還原系列——全備份+兩增量的備份與還原

完全備份 增量備份 數據還原

場景:周日全備份,周一,周二增量備份,周三出現問題,數分鐘後發現;
數據庫的安裝:
yum install mariadb-server -y
systemctl start mariadb
yum install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 


在10.2的高版本上默認即時innodb_file_per_table;這裏的版本是5.5,暫時沒開啟,需要手動寫到配置文件中。
[root@mysql ~]$ vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
innodb_file_per_table
log_bin
[root@mysql ~]$mysql < hellodb_InnoDB.sql 



全備份:
[root@mysql ~]$mkdir -pv /backups
[root@mysql ~]$ll /backups
total 0
[root@mysql ~]$innobackupex /backups/


周一數據修改後;晚上對數據進行增量備份;
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert students(name,age,gender) values('a','28','F');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

[root@mysql ~]$mkdir /backups/{inc1,inc2} -pv
mkdir: created directory ‘/backups/inc1’
mkdir: created directory ‘/backups/inc2’


[root@mysql ~]$innobackupex --incremental /backups/inc1/ --incremental-basedir=/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/
    --incremental /backups/inc1/是指這是增量備份,以及備份的位置;
    --incremental-basedir=/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/是指基於哪個全備份或者增量備份的增量備份;


[root@mysql ~]$ll /backups/
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 187 Feb 25 15:21 2018-02-25_15-21-53
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  33 Feb 25 15:31 inc1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 Feb 25 15:25 inc2
[root@mysql ~]$ll /backups/inc1/
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 213 Feb 25 15:31 2018-02-25_15-31-17



周二的時候修改數據,並進行增量備份;
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert students(name,age,gender) values('b','28','F');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

[root@mysql ~]$innobackupex --incremental /backups/inc2/ --incremental-basedir=/backups/inc1/2018-02-25_15-31-17/


[root@mysql ~]$du -sh /backups/
23M    /backups/



[root@mysql ~]$scp -pr /backups/ 192.168.27.17:/app/
[root@mysql17 ~]$ls /app/backups/
2018-02-25_15-21-53  inc1  inc2
[root@mysql17 ~]$


數據庫的還原與數據整理操作:

備份還原:
    還原的過程中MySQL服務是不啟動的;

數據預整理:
    [root@mysql17 ~]$innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /app/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/

        --redo-only表示有相應的增量備份;

將第一次增量備份的數據合並到完全備份中;
[root@mysql17 ~]$innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /app/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/ --incremental-dir=/app/backups/inc1/2018-02-25_15-31-17/

將第二次增量備份的數據合並到完全備份中;
[root@mysql17 ~]$innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /app/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/ --incremental-dir=/app/backups/inc2/2018-02-25_15-34-00/


如果數據目錄非空,那麽就可以刪除他;
[root@mysql17 ~]$ls /var/lib/mysql/

將整理後的數據復制到數據目錄中;
[root@mysql17 ~]$innobackupex --copy-back /app/backups/2018-02-25_15-21-53/


[root@mysql17 ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 18444
drwxr-x--- 2 root root      146 Feb 25 02:48 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Feb 25 02:48 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 Feb 25 02:48 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 Feb 25 02:48 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       20 Feb 25 02:48 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root      481 Feb 25 02:48 xtrabackup_info
[root@mysql17 ~]$
[root@mysql17 ~]$chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@mysql17 ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 18444
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      146 Feb 25 02:48 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Feb 25 02:48 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Feb 25 02:48 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Feb 25 02:48 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       20 Feb 25 02:48 test
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      481 Feb 25 02:48 xtrabackup_info
[root@mysql17 ~]$


啟動數據庫,核對數據庫數據:

[root@mysql17 ~]$systemctl start mariadb
[root@mysql17 ~]$mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from hellodb.students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name          | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
|     1 | Shi Zhongyu   |  22 | M      |       2 |         3 |
|     2 | Shi Potian    |  22 | M      |       1 |         7 |
|     3 | Xie Yanke     |  53 | M      |       2 |        16 |
|     4 | Ding Dian     |  32 | M      |       4 |         4 |
|     5 | Yu Yutong     |  26 | M      |       3 |         1 |
|     6 | Shi Qing      |  46 | M      |       5 |      NULL |
|     7 | Xi Ren        |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|     8 | Lin Daiyu     |  17 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|     9 | Ren Yingying  |  20 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    10 | Yue Lingshan  |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    11 | Yuan Chengzhi |  23 | M      |       6 |      NULL |
|    12 | Wen Qingqing  |  19 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    13 | Tian Boguang  |  33 | M      |       2 |      NULL |
|    14 | Lu Wushuang   |  17 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    15 | Duan Yu       |  19 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    16 | Xu Zhu        |  21 | M      |       1 |      NULL |
|    17 | Lin Chong     |  25 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    18 | Hua Rong      |  23 | M      |       7 |      NULL |
|    19 | Xue Baochai   |  18 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    20 | Diao Chan     |  19 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|    21 | Huang Yueying |  22 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    22 | Xiao Qiao     |  20 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    23 | Ma Chao       |  23 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    24 | Xu Xian       |  27 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    25 | Sun Dasheng   | 100 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    26 | a             |  28 | F      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    27 | b             |  28 | F      |    NULL |      NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
27 rows in set (0.01 sec)

數據庫的備份與還原系列——全備份+兩增量的備份與還原