《可愛的Python》讀書筆記（七）
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-25
configparser ConfigParser 沒有最好，只有更合理!
使用默認的列表打印格式來存儲和匯報實在不咋的，想著修改修改，於是：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
def cdWalker(cdrom, cdcfile):
export = ""
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(cdrom):
print(formatCDinfo(root, dirs, files))
export += formatCDinfo(root, dirs, files)
open(cdcfile, 'w').write(export)
def formatCDinfo(root, dirs, files):
export = "\n" + root + "\n"
for d in dirs:
export += "-d %s %s \n" % (root, d)
for f in files:
export += "-f %s %s \n" % (root, f)
export += "="*70
return export
cdWalker('E:\\iso\\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1','newcd.cdc')運行結果：
E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 EFI -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 images -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 isolinux -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 [BOOT] -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 .discinfo -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 .treeinfo -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 CentOS_BuildTag -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 EULA -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 GPL -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 TRANS.TBL ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI BOOT -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI TRANS.TBL ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT BOOTX64.conf -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT BOOTX64.efi -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT splash.xpm.gz -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT TRANS.TBL ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images -d E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images pxeboot -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images efiboot.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images efidisk.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images install.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images TRANS.TBL ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot initrd.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot TRANS.TBL -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot vmlinuz ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux boot.cat -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux boot.msg -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux grub.conf -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux initrd.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux isolinux.bin -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux isolinux.cfg -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux memtest -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux splash.jpg -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux TRANS.TBL -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux vesamenu.c32 -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux vmlinuz ====================================================================== E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\[BOOT] -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\[BOOT] 1-Boot-NoEmul.img -f E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\[BOOT] 2-Boot-NoEmul.img ======================================================================
其中 d 代表目錄；f 代表文件。
雖然是自個兒隨意設計的格式，但是小白可以體會出以下好處：
1.格式自然，可以直接人工查閱；
2.每行包含對象類型（目錄或文件）所在目錄和文件名；
3.搜索匹配後的輸出行就是自然行，並包含必要信息；
記錄的摘要文本可以再進行升級，參考標準的.ini配置文件格式，改動是不可避免的，那麽有2個問題：
如何處理.ini文件
如何獲得文件大小
在行者的指導下快速嘗鮮一下：
>>> from configparser import RawConfigParser as rcp
>>> cfg=rcp()
>>> cfg.add_section('Info')
>>> cfg.set("Info", "ImagePath", "path/to/my/cd")
>>> cfg.set("Info","foo","cd")
>>> cfg.write(open("try.ini","w"))查看文件try.ini
[Info] imagepath = path/to/my/cd foo = cd
>>> import os
>>> os.stat("try.ini")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=844424930848802, st_dev=1492519019, st_nlin
k=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=47, st_atime=1521902211, st_mtime=1521902211, s
t_ctime=1521902211)
>>> os.stat("try.ini").st_size
47Bingo! 就它了!
利用基礎配置處理機模塊，將原先os.walk()生成的信息組織成類 ini 的文本保存下來。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
from configparser import RawConfigParser as rcp
def iniCDinfo(cdrom, cdcfile):
walker = {}
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(cdrom):
walker[root] = (dirs, files) # 根目錄為字典的key，對應子目錄加文件作為value
cfg = rcp()
cfg.add_section("Info")
cfg.add_section("Comment")
cfg.set("Info", "ImagePath", cdrom)
cfg.set("Info", "Volume", cdcfile)
dirs = walker.keys()
i = 0
for d in dirs:
i += 1
cfg.set("Comment", str(i), d)
for p in walker:
cfg.add_section(p)
for f in walker[p][1]:
cfg.set(p, f, os.stat("%s/%s" % (p, f)).st_size)
cfg.write(open(cdcfile, "w"))
iniCDinfo('E:\\iso\\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1','newcd.ini')查看newcd.ini文件內容：
[Info] imagepath = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 volume = newcd.cdc [Comment] 1 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1 2 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI 3 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT 4 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images 5 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot 6 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux 7 = E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\[BOOT] [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1] .discinfo = 31 .treeinfo = 338 centos_buildtag = 14 eula = 212 gpl = 18009 release-notes-en-us.html = 1359 rpm-gpg-key-centos-6 = 1706 rpm-gpg-key-centos-debug-6 = 1730 rpm-gpg-key-centos-security-6 = 1730 rpm-gpg-key-centos-testing-6 = 1734 trans.tbl = 3380 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI] trans.tbl = 216 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\EFI\BOOT] bootx64.conf = 398 bootx64.efi = 254279 splash.xpm.gz = 1341 trans.tbl = 672 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images] efiboot.img = 380928 efidisk.img = 45373440 install.img = 146313216 trans.tbl = 888 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\images\pxeboot] initrd.img = 40688737 trans.tbl = 441 vmlinuz = 4264528 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\isolinux] boot.cat = 2048 boot.msg = 84 grub.conf = 321 initrd.img = 40688737 isolinux.bin = 24576 isolinux.cfg = 923 memtest = 183012 splash.jpg = 151230 trans.tbl = 2215 vesamenu.c32 = 163728 vmlinuz = 4264528 [E:\iso\CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1\[BOOT]] 1-boot-noemul.img = 2048 2-boot-noemul.img = 380928
[Info] 一節是軟件和光盤的整體信息；[Comment] 一節是根目錄列表；[目錄] 各節是各個目錄的文件信息
總結：通過自發的反省，對比了數據結構的優劣，不斷改進，選擇了最容易理解且跨平臺通用的數據格式，照例在行者提醒後發覺並使用內建模塊ConfigParser來進行數據文本的組織和解讀。
《可愛的Python》讀書筆記（七）