Linux 包管理工具之Yum
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-04-26
linux yumYum（全稱為 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是基於RPM包的包管理工具，能夠從指定的服務器自動下載RPM包並且安裝，可以自動處理依賴性關系，並且一次安裝所有依賴的軟件包，無須繁瑣地一次次下載、安裝。至於RPM的介紹,請參考 http://blog.51cto.com/marvin89/2107904
yum簡單流程圖：
yum配置文件查看
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q yum yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qc yum /etc/logrotate.d/yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum/version-groups.conf
配置文件分2端
[root@localhost Packages]# man yum.conf #主配置 [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 # debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 #centos6 centos7 之類是否精確匹配 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 #來源合法性 plugins=1 #支持插件機制 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release #倉庫配置 [repositoryID] name=Some name for this repository #介紹 baseurl=url://path/to/repository/ #必須跟repodata同一個目錄 enabled={1|0} gpgcheck={1|0} gpgkey=URL #公鑰 enablegroups={1|0} #用組的方式管理程序包 failovermethod={roundrobin|priority} 默認為：roundrobin，意為隨機挑選； baseurl cost=默認為1000 權重越高優先使用
配置以centos光盤為倉庫的yum
準備yum源 cd盤?
[root@localhost rpm]# cd /mnt/dvd/
[root@localhost dvd]# ls
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL配置倉庫
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [base] name=Base repo from cd baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///mnt/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
1、顯示倉庫列表：
#repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
!base Base repo from cd 9,591
repolist: 9,5912、安裝
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh-html [#-y] 默認安裝最新版本，安裝老版本需要手動指定3、升級、檢查升級 （也可以是本地程序包）
#升級
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum update zsh-html
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
No packages marked for update
-----------------------------------------------------------
#檢查升級
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum check-update zsh-html
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile4、卸載 只會卸載當前包和依賴當前包的包
不會刪除安裝時候依賴ImageMagick的包 ?因為這些包依賴ImageMagick，而不是被依賴
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install ImageMagick
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
ImageMagick x86_64 6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 base 2.1 M
Installing for dependencies:
OpenEXR-libs x86_64 1.7.1-7.el7 base 217 k
avahi-libs x86_64 0.6.31-17.el7 base 61 k
cairo x86_64 1.14.8-2.el7 base 713 k
cups-libs x86_64 1:1.6.3-29.el7 base 356 k
fontconfig x86_64 2.10.95-11.el7 base 229 k
fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-8.el7 base 9.9 k
gdk-pixbuf2 x86_64 2.36.5-1.el7 base 567 k
ghostscript x86_64 9.07-28.el7 base 4.3 M
ghostscript-fonts noarch 5.50-32.el7 base 324 k
graphite2 x86_64 1.3.6-1.el7_2 base 112 k
harfbuzz x86_64 1.3.2-1.el7 base 177 k
ilmbase x86_64 1.0.3-7.el7 base 100 k
jasper-libs x86_64 1.900.1-31.el7 base 150 k
.....
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove ImageMagick
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ImageMagick.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================
Removing:
ImageMagick x86_64 6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 @base 7.6 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Remove 1 Package卸載ImageMagick的依賴包OpenEXR-libs，會把ImageMagick也卸載
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove OpenEXR-libs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package OpenEXR-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.1-7.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libIlmImf.so.7()(64bit) for package: ImageMagick-6.7.8.9-15.el7_2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ImageMagick.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================
Removing:
OpenEXR-libs x86_64 1.7.1-7.el7 @base 844 k
Removing for dependencies:
ImageMagick x86_64 6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 @base 7.6 M個人覺得這個卸載方式不是很好，會殘留很多無用的包
?
5、顯示程序包：
# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
# yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list
Installed Packages
GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 @anaconda #@表示安裝過的。anaconda表示操作系統
....
zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base #還未安裝的
zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zsh-html.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 @base #base源安裝的6、具體包信息查看
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum info ImageMagick
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
Name : ImageMagick
Arch : x86_64
Version : 6.7.8.9
Release : 15.el7_2
Size : 7.6 M
Repo : installed
From repo : base
Summary : An X application for displaying and manipulating images
....7、查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪個程序包所提供：相當於rpm -qf
# provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum provides /etc/passwd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/passwd
setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files
Repo : @anaconda
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/passwd8、查看 以指定的關鍵字搜索程序包名及summary信息；
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum search zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
===================================== N/S matched: zsh ======================================
zsh-html.x86_64 : Zsh shell manual in html format
zsh.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.9、依賴包查看
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum deplist bash
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
package: bash.x86_64 4.2.46-28.el7
dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-196.el7
dependency: libdl.so.2()(64bit)
......10、查看yum事務歷史：
#history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 | root <root> | 2018-04-25 21:53 | Install | 1
16 | root <root> | 2018-04-25 21:49 | Erase | 1
15 | root <root> | 2018-04-25 21:49 | Install | 4811、包組查看
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
.....
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Development Tools
.....12、安裝包組
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
# 升級 groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]13、移除包組
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupremove "Development Tools"14、包組信息查看
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinfo "Development Tools"建立自己的yum源
1、添加幾個rpm包，為yum源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /yum/repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp /mnt/dvd/Packages/z* /yum/repo/2、centos7需要安裝createrepo
[root@localhost repo]# yum install createrepo3、初始化倉庫
[root@localhost repo]# pwd
/yum/repo
[root@localhost repo]# createrepo ../ #在上級目錄下創建repodata
Spawning worker 0 with 5 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 5 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 5 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@localhost repo]# cd ..
[root@localhost yum]# ls repodata
447ec135b1c7f6b6270eefc3c48487b7111af058b6a8e69d2752dff8fe692f10-filelists.sqlite.bz2
5bf5f6ef05024c6fa8323255156d043213eac62f765d4106d71e57e133e16990-other.xml.gz
6c2ee7607b3b821acc6907604067e85d101fb4eecc6e10baa45086f26e0343f8-primary.sqlite.bz2
c881c0f911ca54a1ade1d96280a04b8224a5d782522d555f7c6d1b528c2ddd7f-other.sqlite.bz2
e018c8c524d20f6f30d26b42c909757eb2966a55c2f1a90d543602848db03384-filelists.xml.gz
ed266c67e84620208b4124883f03e6a8eaf0ba1d98a0dddd85c5a57beb8efbc4-primary.xml.gz
repomd.xml4、編輯配置文件
[myrepo]
name=test repo
baseurl=file:///yum
gpgcheck=05、使用自己的yum源
[root@localhost repodata]# yum remove zsh
[root@localhost repodata]# yum install zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
myrepo | 2.9 kB 00:00
myrepo/primary_db | 9.2 kB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 myrepo 2.4 M
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
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