下載二進制源碼包：

同mysql

解壓：

[root@localhost mariadb]#tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

將解壓的文件放到/usr/local/下並更名：

[root@localhost src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

運行scripts，指定用戶為mysql，指定mariaDB生成數據庫目錄存放數據位置：

1 用戶使用之前創建的mysql用戶；

2 對mariadb執行初始化

[root@localhost mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb

檢驗初始化是否成功：

1 查看初始化過程是否出現2個ok

2 使用echo $?，為0則成功

[root@localhost mariadb]# echo $?

0

查看初始化生成的目錄：

[root@localhost mariadb]# ls /data/mariadb

aria_log.00000001 ibdata1 mysql

aria_log_control ib_logfile0 performance_schema

ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 test

*定義basedir：如果不定義basedir，則系統有可能去找之前/usr/local/下的mysql目錄

拷貝配置文件模板：

與mysql5.1前的版本類似，存在多個配置文件模板：

*配置文件最大的區別在於配置的緩存大小不同，可以根據內存大小不同選擇不同緩存的配置文件以達到更高的性能

*文件拷貝後可根據情況適當調整配置文件的某些參數

[root@localhost support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

*為與之前安裝的mysql區分，不將配置文件放在默認的etc下

拷貝啟動腳本：

[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb

修改啟動腳本、配置文件參數：

…

Changes

# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get

# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb

datadir=/data/mariadb

conf=$basedir/my.cnf 為了不與mysql的配置文件產生沖突，指定配置文件路徑

…

echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"

if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe

then

# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script

# may be overwritten at next upgrade.

$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &

*defaults-file設置默認配置文件路徑

由於mysqld與mariadb監聽相同端口，所以兩個服務同時啟動會產生沖突：

1 檢查是否有mysqld服務啟動：

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux |grep mysql

root 11826 0.0 0.0 113260 552 ? S 22:18 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

mysql 11951 0.1 44.0 1300784 444104 ? Sl 22:18 0:06 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

root 13415 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/2 R+ 23:41 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[root@localhost support-files]# service mysqld stop 終止進程

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux |grep mysql

root 13442 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/2 S+ 23:42 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

啟動mariadb並檢查啟動是否成功：

[root@localhost support-files]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start

Reloading systemd: [ 確定 ]

Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ 確定 ]

[root@localhost support-files]# echo $?

0

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux|grep mariadb 查看mariadb啟動是否成功

root 13483 0.0 0.1 115388 1732 ? S 23:47 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid

mysql 13599 1.2 5.2 1125124 53408 ? Sl 23:47 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 13686 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/2 R+ 23:49 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

查看服務端口：

[root@localhost support-files]# netstat -ltnp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 790/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 905/master

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 790/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 905/master

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 13599/mysqld

問題：

機器上同時安裝mysql和mariadb，啟動服務後發現datadir不是預期的/data/mariadb

原因：mariadb配置文件中沒有配置datadir這個參數，所以服務調用了mysql的/etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux|grep mariadb

root 13483 0.0 0.1 115388 1732 ? S 23:47 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid

mysql 13599 1.2 5.2 1125124 53408 ? Sl 23:47 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 13686 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/2 R+ 23:49 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

解決辦法：

編輯指定的配置文件，指定datadir參數：

…

[mysqld]

datadir = /data/mariadb

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16K

max_allowed_packet = 1M

…

重啟服務：

[root@localhost support-files]# /etc/init.d/mariadb restart

Restarting mariadb (via systemctl): [ 確定 ]

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux|grep mariadb

root 14510 0.0 0.1 115388 1732 ? S 00:20 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mariadb --pid-file=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.pid

mysql 14629 4.1 5.5 1125024 55824 ? Sl 00:20 0:00 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mariadb --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 14665 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/2 R+ 00:20 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

*datadir已經改變成配置文件指定的datadir，僅在啟動腳本中定義datadir無效

11.7 Apache安裝 上

Apache即httpd，httpd的早期版本被這樣稱呼，從2.0版本開始改名叫httpd

早期主流版本1.3，目前主流版本為2.4，2.2.與2.4由於依賴軟件apr不同導致安裝方法不同；

Yum默認安裝的apr可以給2.2版本使用，但與2.4版本不匹配，此時無法使用yum安裝的apr，需要自己編譯；

Apr為一個通用函數庫，可以讓httpd不關心底層操作系統平臺，方便進行移植（將linux上運行的服務放到windows上可以照常運行）

11.8 Apache 安裝 中

[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr 編譯源文件

configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/apr-1.6.3':

configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

*第一次由於缺少gcc套件導致檢查出現問題

[root@localhost apr-1.6.3]# echo $?

0

*Apr-util編譯依賴於已經安裝的apr，所以需要指定apr路徑

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# echo $?

0

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install 安裝文件

xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: 致命錯誤：expat.h：沒有那個文件或目錄

#include <expat.h>

^

編譯中斷。

make[1]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 錯誤 1

make[1]: 離開目錄“/usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1”

make: *** [all-recursive] 錯誤 1

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# yum install -y expat-devel

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# echo $?

0

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4.29 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most 編譯httpd文件，指定支持動態模塊，且指定支持大多數動態模塊

*checking for pcre-config... false

configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# yum list |grep pcre 查找相關軟件

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# yum install -y pcre-devel

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4.29 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# echo $?

0

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make && make install

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# echo $?

0

*第一次編譯、安裝httpd包出現問題，將apr、apr-util、httpd包全部重新安裝後問題解決

11.9 Apache安裝 下

Apache安裝完成，查看apache安裝的文件

[root@localhost local]# cd apache2.4.29

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# ls

bin cgi-bin error icons logs manual

build conf htdocs include man modules

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# cd bin

[root@localhost bin]# ls

ab dbmmanage htcacheclean httpd

apachectl envvars htdbm httxt2dbm

apxs envvars-std htdigest logresolve

checkgid fcgistarter htpasswd rotatelogs

[root@localhost bin]# pwd

/usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin

Bin目錄用於存放apache啟動服務運行的二進制可執行文件

Conf是配置文件所在目錄

Htdocs放置網站默認訪問的頁面（一般是網站主頁）

Logs日誌（錯誤日誌、訪問日誌等）

Man幫助文檔

Modules擴展模塊，每個模塊對應一個功能，該目錄是整個apache文件中較大的目錄

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# du -sh modules

6.3M modules

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/httpd –M 查看httpd都啟用了哪些模塊

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

Loaded Modules:

core_module (static)

so_module (static)

http_module (static)

mpm_event_module (static) static表示模塊被直接編譯進了主腳本（主二進制文件）即httpd中

authn_file_module (shared) shared表示為一個擴展模塊，一個.so文件，均被存放於modules下

authn_core_module (shared)

authz_host_module (shared)

authz_groupfile_module (shared)

authz_user_module (shared)

authz_core_module (shared)

access_compat_module (shared)

auth_basic_module (shared)

reqtimeout_module (shared)

filter_module (shared)

mime_module (shared)

log_config_module (shared)

env_module (shared)

headers_module (shared)

setenvif_module (shared)

version_module (shared)

unixd_module (shared)

status_module (shared)

autoindex_module (shared)

dir_module (shared)

alias_module (shared)

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/apachectl –M 結果同上

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

httpd (pid 27496) already running 不是錯誤提示，暫時可以忽略

/usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/apachectl是一個shell文件，幫助用戶調用二進制httpd，-M將模塊列出

啟動apache

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/apachectlAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

httpd (pid 27496) already running

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# ps aux|grep httpd 查看httpd進程是否啟動

root 27496 0.0 0.2 70896 2208 ? Ss 22:59 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/httpd

daemon 27497 0.0 0.4 359860 4256 ? Sl 22:59 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/httpd

daemon 27498 0.0 0.4 359860 4256 ? Sl 22:59 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/httpd

daemon 27499 0.0 0.4 359860 4256 ? Sl 22:59 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.29/bin/httpd

root 27658 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/1 R+ 23:14 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd

查看端口號

[root@localhost apache2.4.29]# netstat -lntp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 793/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1056/master

tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 27496/httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 793/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1056/master

5.1 11.6-11.9聽課筆記