MySQL 5.6.35主從同步配置案例

MySQL 5.6主從同步配置案例分享

本文環境
主庫：Redhat 6.5 x64 192.168.1.180 mysql-5.6.35
備庫：Redhat 6.5 x64 192.168.1.181 mysql-5.6.35

一、常規配置方式一
1. mysql主服務器配置
增加如下配置：
# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin = master-bin
log-bin-index = master-bin.index
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 1

修改my.cnf後重啟mysql
#/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@tzgmaster bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]


[root@tzgmaster bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000002 | 2290 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
2. 主服務器配置同步復制帳號

mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by '123456';
--刷新一下權限
mysql>flush privileges;

3. mysql從服務器配置

說明: 默認只要server-id不相同即可。
--增加如下配置：
# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin = slave-bin
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 11
relay-log = slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index

配置說明: 不同步mysql庫可以實現主從庫有不同的帳號權限，經過測試，mysql5.6.29中只在從庫中配置有效。

其它參數：
binlog-do-db = mydb 僅同步一個數據庫
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql 忽略掉mysql庫,該參數產生很多意外的同步問題，還是不使用。
replicate_wild_ignore_table = mysql.% 忽略掉mysql庫

最終從庫my.cnf內容如下：
###
log-bin = slave-bin
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 11
relay-log = slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
binlog-do-db = mydb
replicate_wild_ignore_table = mysql.%

--從庫mysql重啟後方可生效
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@tzgslave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]


4. 測試示例

CREATE DATABASE mydb;
CREATE TABLE user (
id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
username varchar(20) NOT NULL,
password char(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ;

INSERT INTO user VALUES ('1', 'koumm', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('2', 'zhangsan', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('3', 'lisi', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('4', 'li2si', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('5', 'abc', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('6', 'tom', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('7', 'jk', '123456');
INSERT INTO user VALUES ('8', 'xb', '123456');

5. 正常的主從配置過程
(1) 主庫鎖表

mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000002 | 2290 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


mysql> show master logs;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-bin.000001 | 420 |
| master-bin.000002 | 2290 |
+-------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)




(2) 主庫備份

[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B mydb >/mysql/backu/mydb.sql
說明：-B參數有建庫語句。

(3) 主庫解開鎖表功能
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>

6. 從庫導入數據庫,輸入密碼後回車

[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p </mysql/backup/mydb.sql
Enter password:

7. 從庫配置同步過程
(1) 配置同步，手動執行同步參數，該配置會寫入master.info文件中。

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.180',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='repl',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000002',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=2290;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

(2) 啟動從同步進程

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.180
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2290
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 284
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2290
Relay_Log_Space: 457
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 7baedb0e-5ea0-11e8-8692-000c292185b2
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified



#查看如下兩個參數為YES，說明從庫運行正常。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
(3) 測試同步情況

# 主庫插入一條記錄

mysql> use mydb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| user |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 1 | koumm | 123456 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 123456 |
| 3 | lisi | 123456 |
| 4 | li2si | 123456 |
| 5 | abc | 123456 |
| 6 | tom | 123456 |
| 7 | jk | 123456 |
| 8 | xb | 123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into user values ('9','liang','654321');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 1 | koumm | 123456 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 123456 |
| 3 | lisi | 123456 |
| 4 | li2si | 123456 |
| 5 | abc | 123456 |
| 6 | tom | 123456 |
| 7 | jk | 123456 |
| 8 | xb | 123456 |
| 9 | liang | 654321 |
+----+----------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)


# 從庫查詢同步情況

mysql> use mydb
Database changed
mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 1 | koumm | 123456 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 123456 |
| 3 | lisi | 123456 |
| 4 | li2si | 123456 |
| 5 | abc | 123456 |
| 6 | tom | 123456 |
| 7 | jk | 123456 |
| 8 | xb | 123456 |
| 9 | liang | 654321 |
+----+----------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三、主從同步簡單管理

1. 停止MYSQL同步

STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; #停止IO進程
STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD; #停止SQL進程
STOP SLAVE; #停止IO和SQL進程

2. 啟動MYSQL同步

START SLAVE IO_THREAD; #啟動IO進程
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD; #啟動SQL進程
START SLAVE; #啟動IO和SQL進程

3. 重置MYSQL同步

RESET SLAVE;
清除主從同步參數，它會刪除master.info和relay-log.info文件，以及所有的中繼日誌，並啟動一個新的中繼日誌。
適用重新再次配置一次從庫的情況。

4. 查看MYSQL同步狀態

SHOW SLAVE STATUS;

5. 臨時跳過MYSQL同步錯誤

確保數據一致的情況下臨時的跳過這個錯誤操作如下，有可能要多次。

STOP SLAVE;
SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
START SLAVE;

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#slave-skip-errors=1062,1053,1146 #跳過指定error no類型的錯誤
#slave-skip-errors=all #跳過所有錯誤

原來參考：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130729.htm

其它相關資料參考：

實現兩個MySQL數據庫之間的主從同步 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-02/128100.htm

Linux環境中MySQL主從同步--添加新的從庫 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/122448.htm

通過 XtraBackup 實現不停機不鎖表搭建MySQL主從同步 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121806.htm

MySQL主從同步配置記錄 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-07/119939.htm

Linux下MySQL數據庫主從同步配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/129138.htm

MySQL 5.6.35主從同步配置案例