使用yum源安裝和yum源配置
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-06-26
architect version arch pla BE nim img 平臺 enable linux下有三種rpm包的安裝方式
rpm安裝、yum安裝和源碼包編譯
rpm安裝、yum安裝和源碼包編譯
rpm安裝方式
rpm包的命名格式規則
rpm 包名 版本號 、發布版本號、平臺版本
rpm -ivh rpm包 #安裝
rpm -Uvh rpm包 #升級
rpm -e rpm包 #卸載
rpm -qa rpm包 #查詢安裝的包
rpm -q rpm包 #查詢指定的包是否安裝
rpm -qi rpm包 #查詢指定包信息
rpm -ql rpm包 #列出包安裝的文件(安裝包的所有安裝文件)
rpm -qf 文件絕對路徑 #查詢這個文件屬於哪個rpm安裝包
rpm工具用法
查詢包的詳細信息 [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qi vim-enhanced Name : vim-enhanced //包名 Epoch : 2 // Version : 7.4.160 Release : 2.el7 //發布版本 Architecture: x86_64 //架構 Install Date: 2017年11月07日 星期二 14時25分05秒 //安裝時間 Group : Applications/Editors //屬於的組 Size : 2292098 //包大小 License : Vim //授權是vim形式發布的 Signature : RSA/SHA256 , Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM : vim-7.4.160-2.el7.src.rpm Build Host : c1bm.rdu2.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://www.vim.org/ Summary : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements Description : VIM (VIsual editor iMproved) is an updated and improved version of the vi editor. Vi was the first real screen-based editor for UNIX, and is still very popular. VIM improves on vi by adding new features: multiple windows, multi-level undo, block highlighting and more. The vim-enhanced package contains a version of VIM with extra, recently introduced features like Python and Perl interpreters. Install the vim-enhanced package if you‘d like to use a version of the VIM editor which includes recently added enhancements like interpreters for the Python and Perl scripting languages. You‘ll also need to install the vim-common package.
列出一個rpm包所有的安裝文件
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ql vim-enhanced
/etc/profile.d/vim.csh
/etc/profile.d/vim.sh
/usr/bin/rvim
/usr/bin/vim
/usr/bin/vimdiff
/usr/bin/vimtutor根據文件路徑，查看文件的rpm安裝包
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vimdiff
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64rpm-反引號用法查詢出命令路徑。
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf `which cd` bash-4.2.46-20.el7_2.x86_64
yum工具用法
yum list列出可用的安裝包
[root@localhost src]# yum list |head -n 30 已加載插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn 已安裝的軟件包 GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.4.0-12.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.4.0-12.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.4.0-12.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.4.0-12.el7 @anaconda
yum 搜索結果使用grep過濾某些包(這裏截圖，應為帶有特殊顏色
yum install [-y] 包名 #安裝yum中的包
[root@localhost src]# yum install vim
已加載插件：fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.7 kB 00:00:00
epel | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 925 kB 00:00:02
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary | 3.5 MB 00:00:02
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
epel 12601/12601
軟件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 已安裝並且是最新版本
無須任何處理 這裏已經安裝，只做示範yum grouplist 列出yum中的安裝包組
[root@localhost src]# yum grouplist
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Cinnamon Desktop
MATE Desktop
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspacesyum groupinstall [-y] 安裝組名 #安裝一個安裝組，如果安裝組名稱中包含空格，需要使用單引號引用
[root@localhost src]# yum groupinstall ‘Basic Web Server‘
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
.....................................................
openssl x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 base 492 k
openssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 base 1.2 M
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install 63 Packages (+36 Dependent packages)
Upgrade 1 Package (+39 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 136 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: n
Exiting on user command
Your transaction was saved, rerun it with:
yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2018-06-24.19-33.pKADyS.yumtx
這裏只是演示安裝一個程序組，不進行安裝yum remove [-y] yum包名 #刪除這個yum包程序
[root@localhost src]# yum remove vim
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-4.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================
Removing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-4.el7 @base 2.2 M
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 2.2 M
Is this ok [y/N]: n
Exiting on user command
Your transaction was saved, rerun it with:
yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2018-06-24.19-40.cVRYya.yumtx 這裏只是刪除示範yum update [-y] #升級系統中的yum程序(所有)
yum provides ‘/* /vim‘ #通過一個命令找到這個安裝包的名稱
本地yum源配置
配置本地yum源，需要yum源的所有安裝包，可以是存儲在硬盤或者是安裝鏡像中
[root@localhost ]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local install
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ]# yum clean all 清除緩存使用yum源安裝和yum源配置