ORA-15025 搭建DG環境，restore controlfile報錯，提示oracle無法使用ASM存儲
環境說明：
#主庫RAC環境
#備庫RAC環境，操作系統AIX 6.1 數據庫版本11.2.0.3
報錯說明：
#主庫備份控制文件，傳輸至備庫，備庫restore 報錯
本篇文檔，分為兩大階段：第一階段：出現報錯，查詢相關日誌
第二階段：處理報錯，嘗試操作解決問題
第一階段：出現報錯，查詢日誌階段：
#如下操作：
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from ‘/tmp/con.ctl‘;
Starting restore at 03-JUL-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 instance=rac11g770a device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 07/03/2018 19:36:27
RMAN-10038: database session for channel ORA_DISK_1 terminated unexpectedly
#查詢Alert日誌：
NOTE: MARK has subscribed
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/rhdisk6"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 13: Permission denied
第二階段，解決問題：
#報錯解決過程，經歷了三個階段：ABC，AB都是錯誤的，如果需要快速解決問題，直接看C 最後階段，修改組完事
A：修改進程屬主屬組
chown oracle.asmadmin $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
#查詢如下：發現Oracle進程是oralce .oinstall 屬組，查詢OCR磁盤組所在操作系統層面的ASM磁盤
-bash-4.2# cd /picclife/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin
-bash-4.2# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 300820923 Jul 03 15:42 oracle
#ASM磁盤操作系統： 屬組是ASMADMIN ，Oracle沒有這個組，Oracle用戶沒有權限使用ASM磁盤
-bash-4.2# ls -l /dev/rhdisk2
crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 13, 3 Jul 03 19:26 /dev/rhdisk2
#直接修改Oracle進程，屬組為asmadmin
-bash-4.2# chown oracle:asmadmin oracle
-bash-4.2# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 300820923 Jul 03 15:42 oracle
#使用SQLPLUS 報錯--- 提示組ID不對
ORA-27140: attach to post/wait facility failed
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:invalid_egid failed with status: 1
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Not owner
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpwinit6
ORA-27303: additional information: startup egid = 501 (oinstall), current egid = 503 (asmadmin)
#修改Oracle進程權限，還原操作
-bash-4.2# chmod 6755 oracle
-bash-4.2# ls -l oracle
-rwsr-sr-x 1 oracle asmadmin 300820923 Jul 03 15:42 oracle
-bash-4.2# ls -l oracle
-rwsrwsr-x 1 oracle asmadmin 300820923 Jul 03 15:42 oracle
-bash-4.2# chown oracle.oinstall oracle
#修改進程的屬主屬組，不太安全，直接對Oracle用戶進行添加屬組：
B：對Oracle用戶添加asmadmin組
chgroup users=oracle asmadmin
--通過此命令修改後，出現大坑
-bash-4.2# chgroup users=oracle asmadmin
-bash-4.2# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=503(asmadmin),502(dba),504(asmdba)
#重啟庫，使用restore 可以發現，解決了ORACLE 用戶，可以使用ASM存儲的目的
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from ‘/tmp/con.ctl‘;
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/grid$ id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=503(asmadmin),502(dba),504(asmdba)
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/grid$ id grid
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=502(dba),504(asmdba),505(asmoper)
#重啟庫後，發現集群狀態不太對
GRID： asmcmd --連接 發現ASMCMD 無法使用，sqlplus / as sysasm --沒有權限！！！！！！！！！！
[grid@rac1 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [+ASM1] ?
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD> ls
ASMCMD-8102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run
#查詢集群狀態：
-bash-4.2# while true ; do /picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t -init ; sleep 1; done
ora.asm
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a
ora.crf
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac11g770a
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac11g770a ---非常不正常， ASM CRSD服務均未啟動！！！！
#對集群進行啟動、停止，嘗試，查詢集群各種日誌，均為得到明顯的ORA報錯
C:對用戶屬組進行修改：使用命令Usermod
###中午睡了一覺，狀態OK後，查詢用戶，發現一個驚奇的特點：差點以為眼花了！！！
Grid: 操作系統用戶，屬組asmadmin 組消失了！！！！！！！
-bash-4.2# id grid
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=502(dba),504(asmdba),505(asmoper)
-bash-4.2# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=502(dba),503(asmadmin),504(asmdba)
#對Grid用戶的屬組進行添加
-bash-4.2# usermod -G asmadmin grid --對於此命令 -G 需要所有的組都添加
-bash-4.2# id grid
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=503(asmadmin)
-bash-4.2# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=502(dba),504(asmdba)
-bash-4.2# usermod -G dba,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin grid
-bash-4.2# usermod -G dba,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin oracle
#對集群進行重啟：
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin$ ./crsctl stop has -f
#rac11g770a:/picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin$ ./crsctl stop crs -f
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin$ crsctl start has
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin$ crsctl start crs
rac11g770a:/picclife/app/11.2.0/grid/bin$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
#查詢用戶
-bash-4.2# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=503(asmadmin),502(dba),504(asmdba),505(asmoper)
-bash-4.2# id grid
uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=503(asmadmin),502(dba),504(asmdba),505(asmoper)
OK!!!!!
ORA-15025 搭建DG環境，restore controlfile報錯，提示oracle無法使用ASM存儲