yum源配置與詳解
一、yum簡介
yum是解決rpm軟件包的依賴性而開發的一種軟件包管理器。yum 的宗旨是自動化地升級，安裝/移除rpm 包，收集rpm 包的相關信息，檢查依賴性並自動提示用戶解決。yum 的關鍵之處是要有可靠的repository，顧名思義，這是軟件的倉庫，它可以是http 或ftp 站點。
二、yum安裝
CentOS 默認已經安裝了yum，不需要另外安裝
1、查看系統默認安裝的yum
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch
三、yum配置文件
yum客戶端配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf：為所有倉庫提供公共配置
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：為倉庫的指向提供配置
[repoid] 倉庫的名稱，不能重復，獨一無二
name= 倉庫的描述，可以不寫，將會用repoid當作name
enabled=1|0 激活或禁用倉庫，若不寫該行，則默認啟用
gpgcheck=1|0 是否在安裝包是檢測gpg簽名，默認檢測，即為1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 指定gpg key的路徑
[root@localhost rpm-gpg]# ls
RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
[root@localhost rpm-gpg]# pwd
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg
四、yum倉庫的創建
yum的repo配置文件中可用的變量：
$releasever: 當前OS的發行版的主版本號
$arch: 平臺，i386,i486,i586,x86_64等
$basearch：基礎平臺；i386, x86_64
$YUM0-$YUM9:自定義變量
? 實例:
http://server/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
http://server/centos/7/x86_64
http://server/centos/6/i384
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/fhj.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/fhj.repo
[base]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Repo
baseurl=http://172.18.0.1/centos/$releasever
enabled=1 #教師機yum源鏡像
gpgcheck=0
[base]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Repo
baseurl=file:///media #本地yum源鏡像
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[epel]
name=mage epel $releasever
baseurl=http://172.18.0.1/fedora-epel/$releasever/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0 #第三方庫文件
使用在線epel
[epel]
name=mage epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
自動生成倉庫
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
adding repo from: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/
[mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_]
name=added from: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
五、yum命令
用法：yum 選項 命令 包名
yum clean all 清空yum緩存
yum makecache 重建緩存，（沒有緩存時，首次使用yum的任何命令都會自動重建）
顯示倉庫列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
repo id repo name status
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base disabled
C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras disabled
C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates disabled
C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base disabled
C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras disabled
C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates disabled
C7.2.1511-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base disabled
C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras disabled
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 9,911
epel/7/x86_64 mage epel 7 11,349
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 368
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 1,041
repolist: 22,669
顯示程序包
yum list
base 未安裝的包，來自於base
epel 未安裝的包，來自於epel
@base 該包已經安裝，且是從base安裝的
@anaconda 該包已經安裝，且是從操作系統的安裝程序anaconda安裝的
all 默認 表示列出所有包
updates 列出可更新的包
installed 列出已安裝的包
@repoid 表示該包安裝自指定的倉庫
installed 表示該包由rpm命令手工安裝
安裝程序包：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install samba
重新安裝
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall tree
檢查可用升級
[root@localhost ~]# yum check-update
升級程序包
[root@localhost ~]# yum update sudo
卸載程序包
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove sudo 卸載時不會連同依賴包一同卸載
查看指定包的詳細信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum info tree
搜索一個文件來自於哪個rpm包，可以是未安裝的包
yum provides "*/rz"
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides "*/rz"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_ | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/updateinfo | 932 kB 00:00:00
(3/3): mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/primary | 3.6 MB 00:00:00
mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_ 12629/12629
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:00
epel/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.6 MB 00:00:00
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 588 kB 00:00:00
mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/filelists | 10 MB 00:00:01
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.4 MB 00:00:00
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 : The lrz and lsz modem communications programs
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/rz
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 : The lrz and lsz modem communications programs
Repo : @anaconda
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/rz
模糊搜索 軟件包和描述
yum search 關鍵字
[root@localhost ~]# yum search samba
列出指定包所依賴的所有包
yum deplist php
yum history 列出所有的yum歷史
info # 查看某條歷史的詳細信息
redo # 重做某條歷史
undo # 撤消某條歷史
如果該歷史為install，則undo 是remove
如果該歷史為remove，則undo 是install
註意：撤銷某條歷史（某個包的安裝），安裝的包會連同它的依賴包一同刪除
安裝本地的包
yum [local]install /path/*.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum install /media/Packages/php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum源配置與詳解