from urllib import request, parse
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
# 保存cookie
from http import cookiejar

class session(object):
def __init__(self):
cookie_object = cookiejar.CookieJar()
# handler 對應著一個操作
handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie_object)
# opener 遇到有cookie的response的時候,
# 調用handler內部的一個函數, 存儲到cookie object
self.opener = request.build_opener(handler)

def get(self, url, headers=None):
return get(url, headers, self.opener)

def post(self, url, form, headers=None):
return post(url, form, headers, self.opener)

#a. get(url, headers=None)

def get(url, headers=None, opener = None):
return urlrequests(url, headers=headers, opener = opener)

def post(url, form, headers=None, opener = None):
return urlrequests(url, form, headers=headers, opener=opener)

#b. post(url, form, headers=None)

#1. 傳入url
#2. user_agent
#3. headers
#4. 定義Request
#5. urlopen
#6. 返回byte數組
def urlrequests(url, form=None, headers=None, opener = None):

user_agent = ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36‘
# 如果用戶需要自行傳入headers, 則覆蓋之前的headers
if headers == None:
headers = {
‘User-Agent‘: user_agent
}
html_bytes = b‘‘
try:
if form:
# POST
# 2.1 轉換成str
form_str = parse.urlencode(form, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
#print(form_str)
# 2.2 轉換成bytes
form_bytes = form_str.encode(‘utf-8‘)
req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers)
else:
# GET
req = request.Request(url, headers=headers)
if opener:
response = opener.open(req)
else:
response = request.urlopen(req)
html_bytes = response.read()
except HTTPError as e:
print(e)
except URLError as e:
print(e)

return html_bytes

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
# url = ‘http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug‘
# form = {
# ‘kw‘: ‘呵呵‘
# }
# html_bytes = post(url, form=form)
# print(html_bytes)

url = ‘http://www.baidu.com‘
html_byte = get(url)
print(html_byte)

拓展get和post獲取