此問題是因為Docker安裝後未啟動所致，執行以下命令啟動docker：

systemctl start docker.service

具體日誌如下：

Connecting to 172.16.10.217:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press ‘Ctrl+Alt+]‘.

Last login: Fri Aug 24 17:35:46 2018
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:
 
///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@localhost 
 
~]# 

以上顯示已經成功啟動。

Docker未啟動錯誤:Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?