如何使用 Yum Repository 安裝指定版本的 MySQL
自從從使用 debian 系的 apt-get 轉到使用 yum 工具之後一直不是很習慣，也沒有去看過很多工具包安裝的時候到底影響到了哪些文件等。這次借這次社區版 MySQL 安裝來一並梳理一下。
首先我們前往 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 下載對應的 yum repo 包。
這裏可以看到 官方提供了4個 repo 包提供下載：
這裏對應 3 個 linux 發行版。Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 是紅帽企業版7 後面是 Oracle Linux 7。 另外下面的 Fedora 是基於以前 Red Hat 個人版衍生而來。也是一個 Linux 發行版。 由於我這裏的系統是 CentOs 7 我下載了第一個 rpm 包。
拿到包之後，我們將包添加進系統的 yum repo 列表之中。
sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el6-n.noarch.rpm
這個我們可以查看 CentOS 的指定路徑下的文件可以看出來其安裝後的效果。
我們進入 cd /etc/yum.repos.d 可以看到已經被我們安裝上的 mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo 兩個 repo
vi mysql-community.repo 可以查看包裏面的信息。
同時我們使用
yum repolist all | grep mysql
來查看現在跟 MySQL 相關的 yum repo情況。這個時候如果使用 yum install 會默認安裝現在 repo 裏面最新的 MySQL 版本（To install the latest release from the latest GA series PS:GA(General Availability)），現在最新的版本是 8.0 。但是我現在只想安裝 5.6 版本的，所以需要變化一下。來看下面的測試結果。
[root@iz2ze46vymskz5z22xevegz etc]# yum install mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.12-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.0 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.12-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 8.0.0 for package: mysql-community-libs-8.0.12-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.12-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.12-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql80-community 26 M mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql80-community 2.2 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql80-community 2.1 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql80-community 541 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 3 Packages (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 30 M
可以看到 如果我 y 同意上面的信息，就會安裝 8.0 的 MySQL 社區版。
現在我們需要調整成 5.6 的版本。
如果機器上有安裝 yum-config-manager or dnf config-manager 這兩個工具的話可以使用：
for platforms that are not dnf-enabled: shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community
For dnf-enabled platforms: shell> sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql80-community shell> sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql56-community
來修改成自己想要的版本。如果像我這樣。。。裸機啥都沒有也有方法可以修改，我們去剛次啊提到的 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 下，找到 mysql-community.repo 編輯他。
可以看到 8.0 版本的信息是這樣的
[mysql80-community] name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
我們將 enabled=1 改成 0
並且將我們想要使用的 5.6 改成 1即可。讓我們再使用 yum install mysql-community-server 命令安裝 社區版 MySQL 5.6 版本。(註意，上面提到的版本 enable。同一時間只能有一個版本處於 enable 狀態)
[root@iz2ze46vymskz5z22xevegz yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.41-2.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 59 M
Installing for dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 19 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 257 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 base 47 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+10 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 82 M
我們確定後開始安裝。
安裝完成後使用 /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service 啟動 MySQL
然後 大功告成！
[root@iz2ze46vymskz5z22xevegz yum.repos.d]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
完成安裝和啟動之後，我們可以在 /etc/my.conf 找到 MySQL 的配置文件， 默認數據存放位置是 /var/lib/mysql。
安裝好之後默認 root 賬戶是沒有密碼的。設置 root 的密碼使用
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘123456‘);
之後就是各自配置需要的內容即可！
Reference:
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ Download MySQL Yum Repository
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/ A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL Yum Repository
https://support.ruckuswireless.com/articles/000002490 What is a GA release?
如何使用 Yum Repository 安裝指定版本的 MySQL