[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[[email protected] ~]# wget /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

(3) 解決 Perl 軟體編譯問題

[[email protected] ~]# echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export LC_ALL=C
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# echo $LC_ALL
C

（4）關閉 Nagios Server 端防火牆及 SELinux

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
* firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

[[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  
# 修改配置檔案可使配置永久生效，需重啟系統
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config|grep SELINUX=disabled
SELINUX=disabled
[[email protected] ~]# getenforce
Disabled

（5）解決系統時間同步問題

[[email protected] ~]# echo '#time sync by nagios-server at 2018-09-16' >>/var/spool/cron/root
[[email protected] ~]# echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2&1' >> /var/spool/cron/root
[[email protected] ~]# crontab -l
#time sync by nagios-server at 2018-10-13
*/2 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
>/dev/null 2>&1

（6）安裝 Nagios 伺服器端所需軟體包（LAMP 環境）

[[email protected] ~]# yum install gcc glibc glibc-common -y
[[email protected] ~]# yum install gd gd-devel -y
[[email protected] ~]# yum install httpd php php-gd -y
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa httpd php
httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64
php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64

MySQL 安裝參見【Web 叢集實戰】12_LNMP 之 MySQL 的安裝與配置

（7）建立 Nagios 伺服器端需要的使用者及組

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd nagios
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd apache -M -s /sbin/nologin
useradd: user 'apache' already exists
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache
[[email protected] ~]# id -n -G nagios
nagios nagcmd
[[email protected] ~]# id -n -G apache
apache nagcmd
[[email protected] ~]# groups nagios
nagios : nagios nagcmd
[[email protected] ~]# groups apache
apache : apache nagcmd

（8）下載所需軟體包

[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/ylt/tools/
[[email protected] tools]# mkdir nagios -p
[[email protected] tools]# cd nagios/

[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nagios-3.x/nagios-3.5.1/nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz/download
[[email protected] nagios]# ll
total 1724
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1763584 Aug 31  2013 nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz

[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz#_ga=2.27512634.762344303.1539496511-137884230.1539496511	
[[email protected] nagios]# ll nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2728818 Apr 20  2017 nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz

[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-2.x/nrpe-2.12/nrpe-2.12.tar.gz/download
[[email protected] nagios]# ll nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405725 Mar 11  2008 nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

（9）啟動 LAMP 環境的 HTTP 服務

[[email protected] tools]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] tools]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd   1352   root    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1353 apache    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1354 apache    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1355 apache    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1356 apache    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1357 apache    4u  IPv6  21968      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

2.2 安裝 Nagios 伺服器端

[[email protected] nagios]# tar xf nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# ll
total 1728
drwxrwxr-x 15 root root    4096 Aug 31  2013 nagios
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1763584 Aug 31  2013 nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# cd nagios/
[[email protected] nagios]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
Review the options above for accuracy.  If they look okay,
type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.

[[email protected] nagios]# make all

Enjoy.

[[email protected] nagios]# make install
  make install-init
     - This installs the init script in /etc/rc.d/init.d

  make install-commandmode
     - This installs and configures permissions on the
       directory for holding the external command file

  make install-config
     - This installs sample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ylt/tools/nagios/nagios'

[[email protected] nagios]# make install-init

*** Init script installed ***

[[email protected] nagios]# make install-commandmode

*** External command directory configured ***

[[email protected] nagios]# make install-config

*** Config files installed ***

（1) 安裝 Nagios Web 配置檔案及建立登入使用者

安裝 Nagios Web 配置檔案

[[email protected] nagios]# make install-webconf

*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***

建立登入使用者

[[email protected] nagios]# cd ..
[[email protected] nagios]# htpasswd -bc /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagios nagios
Adding password for user ylt
[[email protected] nagios]# cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
nagios:$apr1$l7AGreUZ$LUP7tkFCcLoJ21cACkOvU/

重新載入 Apache 服務

[[email protected] nagios]# systemctl reload httpd

（2）新增監控報警資訊接收的 Email 地址

[[email protected] nagios]# sed -i 's#[email protected]#[email protected]#g' /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
[[email protected] nagios]# sed -n '35p' /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
        email                           [email protected]       ;

使用第三方郵件服務商提供的服務傳送郵件

[[email protected] nagios]# tail -2 /etc/mail.rc
set [email protected]
smtp=smtp.qq.com smtp-auth-user=1622320046 smtp-auth-password=password smtp-auto=login

（3）解決 Web 端使用者 nagios 沒有被許可檢視服務資源的問題，將 nagiosadmin 改成 nagios

[[email protected] etc]# cat cgi.cfg|grep ^authorized_for
authorized_for_system_information=nagios
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagios
authorized_for_system_commands=nagios
authorized_for_all_services=nagios
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagios
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagios
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagios

（4）配置啟動 Apache 服務

[[email protected] nagios]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[[email protected] nagios]# systemctl restart httpd
[[email protected] nagios]# netstat -lntup|grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1932/httpd

客戶端計算機上的瀏覽器訪問

使用者名稱和密碼提示視窗

（4）安裝 Nagios 外掛軟體包

首先安裝基礎依賴包

[[email protected] nagios]# yum install perl-devel openssl-devel -y

然後安裝 Nagios plugins 外掛包

[[email protected] nagios]# tar xf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules --with-mysql
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make install

檢查外掛個數

[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l
62

（5）安裝 nrpe 軟體

[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
ls: cannot access /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe: No such file or directory

[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# cd ../
[[email protected] nagios]# tar xf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# cd nrpe-2.12/
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# ./configure
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make all
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config

檢查 check_nrpe 外掛

[[email protected] nagios]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
[[email protected] nagios]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l
63

（6）配置並啟動 Nagios 服務

新增 Nagios 服務到開機自啟動

[[email protected] nagios]# /sbin/chkconfig nagios on
[[email protected] nagios]# chkconfig --list nagios
nagios          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

[[email protected] ~]# echo "/etc/init.d/nagios start" >>/etc/rc.local
[[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/rc.local
/etc/init.d/nagios start

驗證 Nagios 配置檔案

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig
Running configuration check... OK.
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

修改 /etc/init.d/nagios 實現上述命令列檢查語法的詳細輸出

[[email protected] ~]# grep 'checkconfig)' -n -A 2 /etc/init.d/nagios
181:    checkconfig)
182-            printf "Running configuration check..."
183-            $NagiosBin -v $NagiosCfgFile > /dev/null 2>&1;
# 刪除指令碼中的 > /dev/null 2>&1
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nagios
[[email protected] ~]# grep 'checkconfig)' -n -A 2 /etc/init.d/nagios
181:    checkconfig)
182-            printf "Running configuration check..."
183-            $NagiosBin -v $NagiosCfgFile;

檢查語法

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check
 OK.

啟動 Nagios 服務

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios restart
Restarting nagios (via systemctl):  Warning: nagios.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
                                                           [  OK  ]
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios restart
Restarting nagios (via systemctl):                         [  OK  ]
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep nagios|grep -v grep
nagios     1408      1  0 15:54 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup|grep nagios
# 無輸出

3. Nagios 客戶端安裝

3.1 Nagios 客戶端安裝準備

（1）準備 2 臺伺服器或 VM 虛擬機器

HOSTNAME	IP	說明
web001	192.168.2.152	被監控的客戶端伺服器
web002	192.168.2.144	被監控的客戶端伺服器

（2）環境準備和伺服器端步驟相同

3.2 在 Nagios 客戶端安裝軟體

(1)下載所需軟體包

[[email protected] ~]# yum install gcc glibc-common -y

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /home/ylt/tools/nagios
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/ylt/tools/nagios
[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nagios-3.x/nagios-3.5.1/nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz/download
[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz#_ga=2.27512634.762344303.1539496511-137884230.1539496511
[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-2.x/nrpe-2.12/nrpe-2.12.tar.gz/download

[[email protected] nagios]# ll
total 4792
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1763584 Aug 31  2013 nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2728818 Apr 20  2017 nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  405725 Mar 11  2008 nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

（2) 新增 nagios 使用者

[[email protected] nagios]# /usr/sbin/useradd nagios -M -s /sbin/nologin
[[email protected] nagios]# id nagios
uid=1003(nagios) gid=1003(nagios) groups=1003(nagios)

（3）安裝 nagios-plugins 外掛

[[email protected] nagios]# yum install perl-devel perl-CPAN openssl-devel -y

[email protected] nagios]# tar xf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules --with-mysql
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make install
[[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# cd ../

[[email protected] nagios]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l
62

（4）安裝 Nagios 客戶端 nrpe 軟體

[[email protected] nagios]# tar xf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[[email protected] nagios]# cd nrpe-2.12/
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# ./configure
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make all
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon
[[email protected] nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config

（5）配置監控記憶體、磁碟 I/O 指令碼外掛

[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://github.com/yanglt7/picture/blob/master/check_iostat
[[email protected] nagios]# wget https://github.com/yanglt7/picture/blob/master/check_memory.pl

[[email protected] nagios]# yum install dos2unix -y
[[email protected] nagios]# /bin/cp /home/ylt/tools/nagios/check_memory.pl /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
[[email protected] nagios]# /bin/cp /home/ylt/tools/nagios/check_iostat /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
[[email protected] nagios]# chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl
[[email protected] nagios]# chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
[[email protected] nagios]# dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl
dos2unix: converting file /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl to Unix format ...
[[email protected] nagios]# dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
dos2unix: converting file /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat to Unix format ...

[[email protected] nagios]# chmod a+x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
[[email protected] nagios]# chmod a+x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl

3.3 配置 Nagios 客戶端 nrpe 服務

配置監控當前 client 的 nagios server 端的 IP

[[email protected] nagios]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
[[email protected] etc]# sed -n '79p' nrpe.cfg
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1
[[email protected] etc]# sed -i 's#allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1#allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.2.151#g' nrpe.cfg
[[email protected] etc]# sed -n '79p' nrpe.cfg
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.2.151

將 199~203行內容註釋掉，新增要監控的內容

[[email protected] etc]# vim nrpe.cfg
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl -w 10 -c 3
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 15% -c 7% -p /
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
command[check_iostat]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat -s sda -w 30,200,20 -c 50,250,50

啟動 nagios client nrpe 守護程序

[[email protected] etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

檢查啟動結果

[[email protected] etc]# netstat -lntup|grep nrpe
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3063/nrpe
[[email protected] etc]# ps -ef|grep nrpe|grep -v grep
nagios     3152      1  0 19:18 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

將 nrpe 加入開機自啟

[[email protected] etc]# echo "#nagios nrpe process cmd by ylt at 20181014" >>/etc/rc.local
[[email protected] etc]# echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d" >>/etc/rc.local
[[email protected] etc]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local
#nagios nrpe process cmd by ylt at 20181014
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

4. Nagios 伺服器端監控

4.1 Nagios 伺服器端監控基礎介紹

（1）nagios 伺服器端核心配置檔案

nagios 主配置檔案為 nagios.cfg，預設在 /usr/local/nagios/etc 目錄下，/usr/local/nagios/etc 目錄下有個 objects (類似 Nginx 的 extra 目錄），裡面放的是主配置檔案 nagios.cfg 包含的其他 Nagios 配置檔案。

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc
[[email protected] etc]# tree
.
|-- cgi.cfg
|-- htpasswd.users
|-- nagios.cfg
|-- nrpe.cfg
|-- objects
|   |-- commands.cfg
|   |-- contacts.cfg
|   |-- localhost.cfg
|   |-- printer.cfg
|   |-- switch.cfg
|   |-- templates.cfg
|   |-- timeperiods.cfg
|   `-- windows.cfg
`-- resource.cfg

1 directory, 13 files

（2）配置主配置檔案 nagios.cfg

在 nagios.cfg 找到 cfg_file，增加如下主機和服務的配置檔案

[[email protected] etc]# vim nagios.cfg
  34 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
  35 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
  36 cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services

註釋掉如下行

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

儲存後根據已有資料生成 hosts.cfg 主機檔案

[[email protected] etc]# cd objects/
[[email protected] objects]# head -51 localhost.cfg >hosts.cfg
[[email protected] objects]# chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg

生成新的空的 service.cfg 檔案

[[email protected] objects]# touch services.cfg
[[email protected] objects]# chown nagios.nagios services.cfg

生成服務的配置檔案目錄，所有放到此目錄下的配置（*.cfg）都會自動被包含到主配置檔案中生效

[[email protected] objects]# mkdir services
[[email protected] objects]# chown -R nagios.nagios services

檢查生成結果

[[email protected] objects]# ls -lrt
total 56
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 10812 Oct 14 14:21 templates.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  7716 Oct 14 14:21 commands.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3208 Oct 14 14:21 timeperiods.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  5403 Oct 14 14:21 localhost.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  4019 Oct 14 14:21 windows.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3124 Oct 14 14:21 printer.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3293 Oct 14 14:21 switch.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  2165 Oct 14 14:37 contacts.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios  1870 Oct 14 19:35 hosts.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios     0 Oct 14 19:36 services.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 nagios nagios  4096 Oct 14 19:37 services

4.2 配置 Nagios 伺服器端監控項

（1）配置 hosts.cfg，定義要監控的 Nagios 客戶端主機

[[email protected] objects]# cat hosts.cfg
#
# HOST DEFINITION
#

# Define a host for the local machine

define host{
        use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template to use
                                                        ; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
                                                        ; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
        host_name               web001
        alias                   web001
        address                 192.168.2.152
        }
define host{
        use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template to use
                                                          ; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
                                                          ; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
        host_name               web002
        alias                   web002
        address                 192.168.2.144
        }
#
# HOST GROUP DEFINITION
#

# Define an optional hostgroup for Linux machines

define hostgroup{
        hostgroup_name  linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
        alias           Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
        members         web001,web002     ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
        }

（2）配置 services.cfg，定義要監控的資源服務

define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     Disk Partition
        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_disk
}
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     Swap Useage
        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_swap
}
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     MEM Useage
        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_mem
}
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     Current Load
        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     Disk Iostat
        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_iostat!5!11
}
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001,web002
        service_description     PING
        check_command                   check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}

（3）配置 command.cfg，加入 check_nrpe 的外掛配置

[[email protected] objects]# tail -5 commands.cfg
# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check_nrpe
        command_line    $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}

（4）檢查語法

[[email protected] objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check
 OK.

監控成果

監控主機針對本地各系統狀態監控的成果

(5) 新增 http 服務的 URL 地址及埠監控

從 Nagios 伺服器端發起的監控，如 URL 地址、埠監控等。此類服務一般都開啟了對外提供服務的業務。這樣的業務，一般採用主動監控的方式。
URL 監控的實質是通過命令列理解 HTTP 的監控原理

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -H 192.168.2.152
HTTP OK: HTTP/1.1 200 OK - 258 bytes in 0.001 second response time |time=0.000986s;;;0.000000 size=258B;;;0

下面是對域名 URL 地址進行監控的配置
編輯 services.cfg 檔案

[[email protected] objects]# sed -n '37,49p' services.cfg
#url examples http://blog.yangyangyang.org
define service {
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               web001
        service_description     blog_url
        check_command                   check_weburl!-H blog.yangyangyang.org
        }
define service {
        use                                     generic-service
        host_name                               web001
        service_description                     blog_url1
        check_command                   check_weburl!-H blog.yangyangyang.org -u /ylt.html
        }
# -u 後加域名後面的地址，即檢查真正的 URL 地址 http://blog.yangyangyang.org/ylt.html

編輯 commands.cfg，增加 check_weburl 外掛配置

[[email protected] objects]# sed -n '144,154p' commands.cfg
# 'check_http' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check_http
        command_line    $USER1$/check_http -I $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$
        }

# 'check_weburl' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check_weburl
        command_line    $USER1$/check_http $ARG1$ -w 10 -c 30
        }

（6）配置好 URL 後檢查 Nagios 語法

測試域名 URL 監控，需要修改 Nagios 伺服器端的 hosts 檔案

192.168.2.148 blog.yangyangyang.org

如果被監控端沒有新建域名下的 HTML 檔案，將產生 403 或 404 錯誤，需：

[[email protected] ~]# touch /var/www/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# touch /var/www/html/ylt.html

此時檢查語法

[[email protected] objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

使其生效

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload

[[email protected] objects]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -H blog.yangyangyang.org
HTTP OK: HTTP/1.1 200 OK - 258 bytes in 0.001 second response time |time=0.000952s;;;0.000000 size=258B;;;0

[[email protected] objects]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -H blog.yangyangyang.org -u /ylt.html
HTTP OK: HTTP/1.1 200 OK - 258 bytes in 0.001 second response time |time=0.001255s;;;0.000000 size=258B;;;0

（7）監控任意埠例項

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_tcp -H 192.168.2.152 -p 80
TCP OK - 0.000 second response time on 192.168.2.152 port 80|time=0.000350s;;;0.000000;10.000000

[[email protected] objects]# sed -n '50,60p' services.cfg
define service {
        use                                     generic-service
        host_name                               web001
        service_description                     ssh_52017
        check_command                   check_tcp!52017
        }
define service {
        use                                     generic-service
        host_name                               web001
        service_description                     http_80
        check_command                   check_tcp!80

[[email protected] objects]# tail -4 commands.cfg
define command{
        command_name    check_memcached_11211
        command_line    $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p 11211 -t 5 -E -s 'stats\r\nquit\r\n' -e 'uptime' -M crit
        }

[[email protected] objects]# tail -6 services.cfg
define service {
        use                                     generic-service
        host_name                               web001
        service_description                     Memcached_11211
        check_command                   check_memcached_11211
        }

（8）監控 Memcached 服務

最終監控成果

監控成果

4.3 Nagios 的除錯

（1）檢查 Nagios 語法並優化配置 Nagios 啟動指令碼，見 2.2 安裝 Nagios 伺服器端（6）配置並啟動 Nagios 服務
（2）通過日誌排查問題

[[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log
[1539792000] CURRENT SERVICE STATE: web002;Swap Useage;CRITICAL;HARD;3;Connection refused or timed out
[1539837678] Warning: A system time change of 0d 12h 41m 9s (forwards in time) has been detected.  Compensating...
[1539837700] HOST NOTIFICATION: nagiosadmin;web002;DOWN;notify-host-by-email;CRITICAL - Host Unreachable (192.168.2.144)
[1539838070] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Disk Iostat;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838120] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Current Load;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838190] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Disk Iostat;CRITICAL;SOFT;2;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838210] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Disk Partition;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838220] SERVICE ALERT: web001;MEM Useage;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838240] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Current Load;CRITICAL;SOFT;2;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
[1539838250] SERVICE ALERT: web001;Swap Useage;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.

[[email protected] ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Oct 18 12:50:20 nagios-server nagios: SERVICE ALERT: web001;MEM Useage;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
Oct 18 12:50:35 nagios-server systemd: Started Session 89 of user ylt.
Oct 18 12:50:35 nagios-server systemd-logind: New session 89 of user ylt.
Oct 18 12:50:35 nagios-server systemd: Starting Session 89 of user ylt.
Oct 18 12:50:35 nagios-server dbus[646]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.problems' (using servicehelper)
Oct 18 12:50:35 nagios-server dbus[646]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.problems'
Oct 18 12:50:40 nagios-server nagios: SERVICE ALERT: web001;Current Load;CRITICAL;SOFT;2;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
Oct 18 12:50:50 nagios-server nagios: SERVICE ALERT: web001;Swap Useage;CRITICAL;SOFT;1;CHECK_NRPE: Error - Could not complete SSL handshake.
Oct 18 12:51:10 nagios-server systemd-logind: Removed session 83.
Oct 18 12:51:15 nagios-server su: (to root) ylt on pts/1

5. 伺服器端 Nagios 圖形監控顯示和管理

5.1 伺服器端安裝 PNP 生成圖形

（1）PNP 出圖基礎依賴軟體安裝

[[email protected] ~]# yum install cairo pango zlib zlib-level freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel -y
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa cairo pango zlib zlib-level freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel
zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64
gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
freetype-2.4.11-15.el7.x86_64
freetype-devel-2.4.11-15.el7.x86_64
pango-1.40.4-1.el7.x86_64
cairo-1.14.8-2.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# yum install libart_lgpl libart_lgpl-devel -y
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa libart_lgpl libart_lgpl-devel
libart_lgpl-2.3.21-10.el7.x86_64
libart_lgpl-devel-2.3.21-10.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# yum install rrdtool rrdtool-devel -y
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa rrdtool rrdtool-devel
rrdtool-1.4.8-9.el7.x86_64
rrdtool-devel-1.4.8-9.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# which rrdtool
/bin/rrdtool

（2）安裝出圖 Web 介面展示軟體 PNP

[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/ylt/tools/

[[email protected] tools]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/pnp4nagios/files/PNP/pnp-0.4.14/pnp-0.4.14.tar.gz/download
[[email protected] tools]$ yum install perl-Time-HiRes -y
[[email protected] tools]# tar zxf pnp-0.4.14.tar.gz
[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# ./configure --with-rrdtool --with-perfdata-dir=/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata
[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# make all
[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# make install
[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# make install-config
[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# make install-init

[[email protected] pnp-0.4.14]# ll /usr/local/nagios/libexec/ |grep process
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nagios nagios  31804 Oct 18 18:50 process_perfdata.pl

（3）Nagios 出圖相關配置

vim nagios.cfg +834，將引數對應的值從 0 改成 1

[[email protected] etc]# sed -n '834p' nagios.cfg
process_performance_data=1

繼續修改，在 846 行開始，取消兩項引數開頭的註釋

[[email protected] etc]# sed -n '846,847p' nagios.cfg
host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata
service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata

修改 commands.cfg，定義出圖獲取資料的命令

[[email protected] etc]# sed -n '234,245p' objects/commands.cfg
# 'process-host-perfdata' command definition
define command{
        command_name    process-host-perfdata
        command_line    /usr/bin/printf "%b" "$LASTHOSTCHECK$\t$HOSTNAME$\t$HOSTSTATE$\t$HOSTATTEMPT$\t$HOSTSTATETYPE$\t$HOSTEXECUTIONTIME$\t$HOSTOUTPUT$\t$HOSTPERFDATA$\n" >> /usr/local/nagios/var/host-perfdata.out
        }


# 'process-service-perfdata' command definition
define command{
        command_name    process-service-perfdata
        command_line    /usr/bin/printf "%b" "$LASTSERVICECHECK$\t$HOSTNAME$\t$SERVICEDESC$\t$SERVICESTATE$\t$SERVICEATTEMPT$\t$SERVICESTATETYPE$\t$SERVICEEXECUTIONTIME$\t$SERVICELATENCY$\t$SERVICEOUTPUT$\t$SERVICEPERFDATA$\n" >> /usr/local/nagios/var/service-perfdata.out
        }

檢查語法，使配置生效

[[email protected] etc]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig
[[email protected] etc]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload

5.2 配置主機及服務獲取狀態資料出圖

（1）設定讓被監控的主機記錄資料

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/

[[email protected] objects]# sed -n '23,42p' hosts.cfg
# Define a host for the local machine

define host{
        use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template to use
                                                        ; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
                                                        ; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
        host_name               web001
        alias                   web001
        address                 192.168.2.152
        process_perf_data       1 #<==此行表示將記錄 web001 主機的狀態資料
        }
define host{
        use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template to use
                                                          ; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
                                                          ; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
        host_name               web002
        alias                   web002
        address                 192.168.2.144
        process_perf_data       1
        }

（2）設定讓被監控主機對應的服務記錄資料

[[email protected] objects]# head -7 se

 
 
              
           
              
              
            
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