列表list：增，刪，查，改，切片，拷貝

1.切片

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou']  
print(name[:2])         　　#預設從0開始
print(name[-3:-1])         #不能寫成name[-1:-3]
print(name[-3:])            #預設從0開始
print(name[::2])            #步長為2，等效與name[0:-1:2]

2.增：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
 

# author:zingerman
name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou']
name.append('sun')   #在列表的末尾新增元素
print(name)
name.insert(1,'qian')   #按索引插入元素
print(name)
name1=[1,2,3]
name.extend(name1)      #extend() 函式用於在列表末尾一次性追加另一個序列中的多個值（用新列表擴充套件原來的列表）
print(name)

3.刪：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
 

name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou','qian']
name.remove('zhao')       #remove() 函式用於移除列表中某個值,無返回值
print(name)
del name[1]                 #根據索引刪除列表中的元素
print(name)
name.pop(1)                    #預設刪除列表最後一個，或按索引刪除
print(name)

4.查，拷貝：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
import
 
 copy
name=['hu','zhao',['qian','sun'],'wang','zhou']
print(name[2])
print(name[2][1])
print(name.index("hu"))
name2=copy.copy(name)　　　　#另外兩種copy的方式：1，name2=name[:]   2.name2=list(name)
print(name2)
#name[2]='b'
name[2][1]='1'      #1、copy.copy 淺拷貝 只拷貝父物件，不會拷貝物件的內部的子物件,拷貝的是內部子物件的地址，淺拷貝常用於建立聯合賬號
print(name)                #2、copy.deepcopy 深拷貝 拷貝物件及其子物件
print(name2)

5.其他：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou']
name.reverse()
print(name)
name.sort()
print(name)
name.clear()
print(name)

 元組：

元組其實跟列表差不多，也是存一組數，只不是它一旦建立，便不能再修改，所以又叫只讀列表

語法

它只有2個方法，一個是count,一個是index，完畢。

購物車作業　：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# author:zingerman
product_list = [
    ('Iphone', 5800),
    ('Mac Pro', 9800),
    ('Bike', 800),
    ('Watch', 10600),
    ('Coffee', 31),
    ('Alex Python', 120),
]
shopping_list = []
salary = input('輸入你的工資：')
if salary.isdigit():
    salary = int(salary)
    for item in product_list:
        print(product_list.index(item), item)
    coustom_choice = input('請輸入商品標號;')
    # print(type(coustom_choice))
    while True:
        if coustom_choice.isdigit():
            coustom_choice = int(coustom_choice)
            if coustom_choice < len(product_list) and coustom_choice >= 0:
                if product_list[coustom_choice][1] <= salary:  # 買得起
                    shopping_list.append(product_list[coustom_choice])
                    salary -= product_list[coustom_choice][1]
                    print('你已經購買了%s，你的賬戶還剩%s元' % (shopping_list, salary))
                    coustom_choice = input('請繼續輸入商品標號;')
                else:
                    print('你的餘額不足，還剩%s元' % (salary))
                    break
            else:
                coustom_choice = input('你輸入編號太大，請重新輸入')
        elif coustom_choice == 'q':
            break
        else:
            coustom_choice = input('你輸入編號有誤，請重新輸入')
    print('謝謝惠顧，你已經購買了%s，你的賬戶還剩%s元' % (shopping_list, salary))

字串操作：

name.capitalize()  首字母大寫
name.casefold()   大寫全部變小寫
name.center(50,"-")  輸出 '---------------------Alex Li----------------------'
name.count('lex') 統計 lex出現次數
name.encode()  將字串編碼成bytes格式
name.endswith("Li")  判斷字串是否以 Li結尾
 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 輸出'Alex      Li'， 將\t轉換成多長的空格 
 name.find('A')  查詢A,找到返回其索引， 找不到返回-1 

format :
    >>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}"
    >>> msg.format("alex",22)
    'my name is alex, and age is 22'
    >>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}"
    >>> msg.format("alex",22)
    'my name is 22, and age is alex'
    >>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}"
    >>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale")
    'my name is ale, and age is 22'
format_map
    >>> msg.format_map({'name':'alex','age':22})
    'my name is alex, and age is 22'


msg.index('a')  返回a所在字串的索引
'9aA'.isalnum()   True

'9'.isdigit() 是否整數
name.isnumeric  
name.isprintable
name.isspace
name.istitle
name.isupper
 "|".join(['alex','jack','rain'])
'alex|jack|rain'


maketrans
    >>> intab = "aeiou"  #This is the string having actual characters. 
    >>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character
    >>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
    >>> 
    >>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
    >>> str.translate(trantab)
    'th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!'

 msg.partition('is')   輸出 ('my name ', 'is', ' {name}, and age is {age}') 

 >>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1)
     'alex LI, chinese name is lijie'

 msg.swapcase 大小寫互換


 >>> msg.zfill(40)
'00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}'



>>> n4.ljust(40,"-")
'Hello 2orld-----------------------------'
>>> n4.rjust(40,"-")
'-----------------------------Hello 2orld'


>>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈" 
>>> b.isidentifier() #檢測一段字串可否被當作標誌符，即是否符合變數命名規則
True

字典：

1.增，改：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
info = {
    '01': "hu",
    '02': "li",
    '03': "zhao",
}
info[4]='sun'

info['02']='wang'

print(info)

2.刪：

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'}
info.pop('01')                  #標準刪除姿勢
del info['02']                  #也是刪除
info.popitem()                  #隨機刪除
print(info)

3.找;

# -*- coding-utf8 -*-
# author:zingerman
info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'}
print('01' in info)             #標準查詢
print(info.get('01'))           #獲取，可用於查詢，如果找不到，返回none
print(info['01'])               #查詢，但是找不到會報錯，建議用上一種

4.字典巢狀：

av_catalog = {
    "歐美":{
        "www.youporn.com": ["很多免費的,世界最大的","質量一般"],
        "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免費的,也很大","質量比yourporn高點"],
        "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高質量圖片很多","資源不多,更新慢"],
        "x-art.com":["質量很高,真的很高","全部收費,屌比請繞過"]
    },
    "日韓":{
        "tokyo-hot":["質量怎樣不清楚,個人已經不喜歡日韓範了","聽說是收費的"]
    },
    "大陸":{
        "1024":["全部免費,真好,好人一生平安","伺服器在國外,慢"]
    }
}

av_catalog["大陸"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬蟲爬下來"
print(av_catalog["大陸"]["1024"])
#ouput 
['全部免費,真好,好人一生平安', '伺服器在國外,慢,可以用爬蟲爬下來']

5.其他用法：

# author:zingerman
info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'}
print(info.values())
print(info.keys())
print(info.setdefault(4,'sun') ,'\t\t\t',info)

info1 ={'01': 'men',1:2}
info.update(info1)
print(info)                 　　　　　　　　　　　　#有則修改，無則新增

print("字典值 : %s" % info.items())           　　 #items() 函式以列表返回可遍歷的(鍵, 值) 元組陣列
# 遍歷字典列表
for key, values in info.items():

print(key, values)