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vue學習七之Axios

JQuery時代,我們使用ajax向後臺提交資料請求,Vue時代,Axios提供了前端對後臺資料請求的各種方式。

什麼是Axios

Axios是基於Promise的Http客戶端,可以在瀏覽器和node.js中使用。

為什麼使用Axios

Axios非常適合前後端資料互動,另一種請求後端資料的方式是vue-resource,vue-resource已經不再更新了,且只支援瀏覽器端使用,而Axios同時支援瀏覽器和Node端使用。

Vue開發者推薦使用更好的第三方工具,這就是Axios,詳細的檔案,請參考Evan You的這篇文章

安裝

Axios的安裝支援多種方式

npm安裝
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npm install axios
cdn
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<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/axios/0.18.0/axios.min.js"></script>

使用方式介紹

接下來,我們使用Django,搭建一個後臺程式,並使用Vue Cli搭建一個前端程式,使用Axios進行前後端資料互動。

使用Vue Cli建立一個前端程式
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vue init webpack luffy_fontend

axios

使用Django建立一個後端程式luffy_backend
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django-admin startproject luffy_backend
建立一個courses應用
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cd luffy_backend
python manage.py startapp courses
在models.py中建立兩個類
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from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Courses(models.Model):
course_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
course_price = models.IntegerField()
course_teacher = models.CharField(max_length=16)
start_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False)
end_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False)

def __str__(self):
return self.course_name


class Students(models.Model):
student_name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
student_id = models.IntegerField()
student_phone = models.IntegerField()
student_address = models.CharField(max_length=128)
插入資料
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// courses_courses
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Python全棧中級開發', 12800, 'Pizza', '2018-10-01', '2018-10-02');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Python全棧高階開發', 19800, 'Alex', '2018-10-03', '2018-10-04');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Linux高階運維', 12800, 'Oldboy', '2018-10-05', '2018-10-06');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('高階網路工程師', 12800, 'Egon', '2018-10-07', '2018-10-08');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Go全棧高階開發', 12800, 'Yuan', '2018-10-09', '2018-10-10');
insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Vue高階開發', 12800, 'Xiaoma', '2018-10-11', '2018-10-12');

// courses_students
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(1, 'Alex', 100001, 1378061875, '北京市大興區智障一中');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, 'Pizza', 100002, 1378161875, '北京市朝陽區第一中學');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, 'Egon', 100003, 1378261875, '北京市房山智障三中');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(4, 'Oldboy', 100004, 1378361875, '北京市大興區智障三中');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(5, 'Yuanhao', 100005, 1378460275, '北京市豐臺區智障四中');
insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(6, 'Jinxin', 100006, 1378560875, '北京市海淀區智障五中');
在views.py中寫好介面
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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView

import json

from luffy_backend import settings
from .models import Courses
from .models import Students
# Create your views here.


class CoursesView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
print("Courses Get Methods Exec!")
courses = list()

for item in Courses.objects.all():

course = {
"course_name": item.course_name,
"course_price": item.course_price,
'course_teacher': item.course_teacher,
'start_date': str(item.start_date),
'end_date': str(item.end_date)
}

courses.append(course)

print(courses)

return HttpResponse(json.dumps(courses, ensure_ascii=False))


class StudentsView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
print("Student Get Methods Exec!")
students = list()

for item in Students.objects.all():
student = {
'student_name': item.student_name,
'student_id': item.student_id,
'student_phone': item.student_phone,
'student_address': item.student_address
}

students.append(student)

return HttpResponse(json.dumps(students, ensure_ascii=False))

def post(self, request):
print("Student Post Methods Exec!")
print(request.body.decode('utf-8'))

response = json.dumps(request.POST)
return HttpResponse(response)
定義介面

axios

配置後臺介面

axios

獲取課程資訊
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<template>
<div>
<span>這是課程詳情頁面</span>
<button @click="getCourses">點選獲取全部課程</button>
<div v-if="isShow">
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>課程名稱</th>
<th>課程價格</th>
<th>授課老師</th>
<th>開課日期</th>
<th>結課日期</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr v-for="(course, index) in courses" :key="index">
<td>{{ course.course_name }}</td>
<td>{{ course.course_price }}</td>
<td>{{ course.course_teacher }}</td>
<td>{{ course.start_date }}</td>
<td>{{ course.end_date }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>

</template>

<script>
export default {
name: "Courses",
data() {
return {
isShow: false,
courses: []
}
},
methods: {
getCourses: function () {
let ts = this;
this.$axios.get('/api/course/1/')
.then(function (response) {
ts.isShow = true;
ts.courses = response.data;
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
}
}
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>
獲取學生資訊
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<template>
<div>
<span>這是學員資訊頁面</span>
<button @click="getStudents">點選獲取學生資訊</button>
<button @click="changeStudents">點選修改學生資訊</button>
<div v-if="isShow">
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>學生ID</th>
<th>學生姓名</th>
<th>學生電話</th>
<th>學生地址</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr v-for="(student, index) in students" :key="index">
<td>{{ student.student_id }}</td>
<td><input v-model="student.student_name"/></td>
<td><input v-model="student.student_phone"/></td>
<td><input v-model="student.student_address"/></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name: "Students",
data() {
return {
isShow: false,
students: []
}
},
methods: {
getStudents: function () {
let ts = this;
this.$axios.get('/api/student/1/')
.then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
ts.isShow = true;
ts.students = response.data;
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
})
},
changeStudents: function () {
let ts = this;
this.$axios.post('/api/student/2/', {
student_name: 1,
student_id: 100001,
student_phone: 1347658765,
student_address: "北京市石景山區智障六中"
})
.then(function (response) {

})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
})
}
}
}
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

以上,就是我們通過Axios的get和post請求與後臺進行資料互動的全過程。