cd <directory>

　　Short for "change directory".

　　The shorthand name for the current directory is  .

　　The shorthand name for the parent directory is ..

pwd

　　present working directory

ls

　　list the contents of the present directory

makedir <directory>　　//<directory> is the represent for the name of the directory

　　Short for "make directory",this command will create a new subdirectory called <directory> located in the current directory

cp <directory> <distinta