MyCat詳細介紹，請參考https://www.biaodianfu.com/mycat.html

9066管理埠，請參考https://www.cnblogs.com/parryyang/p/5606071.html

1.建立mycat使用者

useradd mycat
passwd mycat

2.下載安裝包、解壓並賦權

wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.6.1/Mycat-server-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535-linux.tar.gz
tar -xzvf Mycat-server-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local
chown -R mycat:mycat /usr/local/mycat

3.配置環境變數

vi /etc/profile
增加
## jdk env
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_192
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
## mycat env
export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat
export PATH=$PATH:$MYCAT_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

4.配置server.xml
vi /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<!-- 
<property name="processors">32</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">32</property> 
<property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> 
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property>
<property name="mutiNodePatchSize">100</property>
-->
<property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property>
<property name="mutiNodeLimitType">1</property>
<property name="serverPort">8066</property>
<property name="managerPort">9066</property> 
</system>
<!-- 任意設定登陸 mycat 的使用者名稱,密碼,資料庫 -->
<user name="test">
<property name="password">test</property>
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
</user>

<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
<property name="readOnly">true</property>
</user>
<!-- 
<quarantine> 
<whitehost>
<host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/>
<host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false"></blacklist>
</quarantine>
-->
</mycat:server>

5.配置schema.xml
vi /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
<!-- 這裡不配置，代表所有的表分片到dn1節點-->
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="dataHost01" database="test" />
<dataHost name="dataHost01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<!-- can have multi write hosts -->
<writeHost host="mysql_b1" url="192.168.0.242:3306" user="root" password="abc123">
<!-- can have multi read hosts -->
<readHost host="mysql_b2" url="192.168.0.240:3306" user="root" password="abc123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

6.啟動Mycat

mycat start

7.檢視mycat啟動日誌
[[email protected] data]# mycat console
Running Mycat-server...
Mycat-server is already running.

8.連線MyCat
連線管理埠：

[[email protected] data]# mysql -h192.168.0.252 -P9066 -utest -ptest
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
# 檢視所有的可用命令：
mysql> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATEMENT | DESCRIPTION |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current | Report current timestamp |
| show @@time.startup | Report startup timestamp |
| show @@version | Report Mycat Server version |
| show @@server | Report server status |
| show @@threadpool | Report threadPool status |
| show @@database | Report databases |
| show @@datanode | Report dataNodes |
| show @@datanode where schema = ? | Report dataNodes |
| show @@datasource | Report dataSources |
| show @@datasource where dataNode = ? | Report dataSources |
| show @@datasource.synstatus | Report datasource data synchronous |
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=? | Report datasource data synchronous detail |
| show @@datasource.cluster | Report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor | Report processor status |
| show @@command | Report commands status |
| show @@connection | Report connection status |
| show @@cache | Report system cache usage |
| show @@backend | Report backend connection status |  ##顯示後端物理庫連線資訊，包括當前連線數，埠等資訊
| show @@session | Report front session details |
| show @@connection.sql | Report connection sql |      ## 顯示當前前端客戶端連線情況
| show @@sql.execute | Report execute status |
| show @@sql.detail where id = ? | Report execute detail status |
| show @@sql | Report SQL list |
| show @@sql.high | Report Hight Frequency SQL |
| show @@sql.slow | Report slow SQL |
| show @@sql.resultset | Report BIG RESULTSET SQL |
| show @@sql.sum | Report User RW Stat |
| show @@sql.sum.user | Report User RW Stat |
| show @@sql.sum.table | Report Table RW Stat |
| show @@parser | Report parser status |
| show @@router | Report router status |
| show @@heartbeat | Report heartbeat status |
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=? | Report heartbeat current detail |
| show @@slow where schema = ? | Report schema slow sql |
| show @@slow where datanode = ? | Report datanode slow sql |
| show @@sysparam | Report system param |
| show @@syslog limit=? | Report system mycat.log |
| show @@white | show mycat white host |
| show @@white.set=?,? | set mycat white host,[ip,user] |
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2 | show mycat direct memory usage |
| show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency |
| switch @@datasource name:index | Switch dataSource |
| kill @@connection id1,id2,... | Kill the specified connections |
| stop @@heartbeat name:time | Pause dataNode heartbeat |
| reload @@config | Reload basic config from file |
| reload @@config_all | Reload all config from file |
| reload @@route | Reload route config from file |
| reload @@user | Reload user config from file |
| reload @@sqlslow= | Set Slow SQL Time(ms) |
| reload @@user_stat | Reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow |
| rollback @@config | Rollback all config from memory |
| rollback @@route | Rollback route config from memory |
| rollback @@user | Rollback user config from memory |
| reload @@sqlstat=open | Open real-time sql stat analyzer |
| reload @@sqlstat=close | Close real-time sql stat analyzer |
| offline | Change MyCat status to OFF |
| online | Change MyCat status to ON |
| clear @@slow where schema = ? | Clear slow sql by schema |
| clear @@slow where datanode = ? | Clear slow sql by datanode |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 檢視所有的邏輯資料庫：
mysql> show @@database;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 檢視所有的資料節點：
mysql> show @@datanode;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show @@datasource;
+----------+----------+-------+---------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| DATANODE | NAME | TYPE | HOST | PORT | W/R | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | READ_LOAD | WRITE_LOAD |
+----------+----------+-------+---------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| dn1 | mysql_b1 | mysql | 192.168.0.242 | 3306 | W | 0 | 10 | 1000 | 6215 | 0 | 2 |
| dn1 | mysql_b2 | mysql | 192.168.0.240 | 3306 | R | 0 | 9 | 1000 | 6299 | 84 | 0 |
+----------+----------+-------+---------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

連線資料操作埠：

[[email protected] data]# mysql -h192.168.0.252 -P8066 -utest -ptest
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 22
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
# 可以看見的都是邏輯資料庫：
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 使用指定的邏輯資料庫：
mysql> use TESTDB;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
# 檢視所有的資料表：
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| member |
| t01 |
| t02 |
| t03 |
+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

引數說明：

-h 後面是主機，即當前 mycat 安裝的主機地址，本地可用 127.0.0.1 遠端需要遠端 ip；
-u Mycat server.xml 中配置的邏輯庫使用者；
-p Mycat server.xml 中配置的邏輯庫密碼；
-P 後面是埠 預設 9066，注意 P 是大寫；
-d Mycat server.xml 中配置的邏輯庫。

9.MyCat操作命令：

啟動MyCat: mycat start;
停止MyCat: mycat stop;
前臺執行: mycat console;
重啟服務: mycat restart;
暫停: mycat pause;
檢視啟動狀態: mycat status;

附：其他問題
MySQL8.0的客戶端連不上Mycat？
解決方案：使用mysql5的客戶端可以正常訪問，待詳細分析