FastDFS高可用叢集架構配置搭建
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-08
一、基本模組及高可用架構
FastDFS 是餘慶老師開發的一個開源的高效能分散式檔案系統（DFS）。 它的主要功能包括：檔案儲存，檔案同步和檔案訪問，以及高容量和負載平衡。
FastDFS 系統有三個角色：跟蹤伺服器(Tracker Server)、儲存伺服器(Storage Server)和客戶端(Client)。
- Tracker Server: 跟蹤伺服器，主要做排程工作，起到均衡的作用；負責管理所有的storage server和group，每個storage在啟動後會連線 Tracker，告知自己所屬 group 等資訊，並保持週期性心跳。多個Tracker之間是對等關係，不存在單點故障。
- Storage Server: 儲存伺服器，主要提供容量和備份服務；以 group 為單位，每個 group 內可以有多臺 storage server，組內的storage server上的資料互為備份。
- Client:客戶端，上傳下載資料的伺服器
模組之間的主要關係如下：
下圖是實現統一的對外下載訪問入口的高可用架構，其中所有的Nginx只做下載用途，上傳通過tracker進行上傳。 
二、環境準備工作
系統軟體說明：
| 名稱 | 說明 |
| CentOS | 7.x（安裝系統） |
| libfastcommon | FastDFS分離出的一些公用函式包 |
| FastDFS | FastDFS本體 |
| fastdfs-nginx-module | FastDFS和nginx的關聯模組，解決組內同步延遲問題 |
| nginx | nginx 1.12.2（CentOS 7 下YUM可以安裝的最新版本） |
整個搭建所需環境資源及用途如下表：
| 名稱 | IP地址 | 應用 |
| tracker01 | 192.168.0.1 | FastDFS,libfastcommon |
| tracker02 | 192.168.0.2 | FastDFS,libfastcommon |
| storage01 | 192.168.0.10 | FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module |
| storage02 | 192.168.0.11 | FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module |
| nginx01 | 192.168.0.100 | nginx,keepalived |
| nginx02 | 192.168.0.101 | nginx,keepalived |
| VIP | 192.168.0.200 | - |
三、安裝過程
1、編譯環境準備
| 說明 | 位置 |
| 所有安裝包 | /opt/fastdfs |
| 資料儲存位置 | /data/fastdfs |
$ tar -zxvf libfastcommon-1.0.39.tar.gz #安裝編譯環境 $ yum groups install Development Tools -y $ yum install perl -y $ mkdir -p /opt/fastdfs /data/fastdfs $ cd /opt/fastdfs #為下一步下載原始碼做準備
2、安裝libfastcommon
#下載檔案 $ wget https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/archive/V1.0.39.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf libfastcommon-1.0.39.tar.gz $ cd libfastcommon-1.0.39/ $ ./make.sh $ ./make.sh install
3、安裝FastDFS
$ wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V5.11.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf fastdfs-5.11.tar.gz $ cd fastdfs-5.11/ $ ./make.sh $ ./make.sh install #配置檔案準備 $ cp /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf #tracker節點 $ cp /etc/fdfs/storage.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/storage.conf #storage節點 $ cp /etc/fdfs/client.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/client.conf #客戶端檔案，測試用 $ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.11/conf/http.conf /etc/fdfs/ #供nginx訪問使用 $ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.11/conf/mime.types /etc/fdfs/ #供nginx訪問使用
tracker server配置:
$ vim /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf #需要修改的內容如下 port=22122 # tracker伺服器埠（預設22122,一般不修改） base_path=/data/fastdfs # 儲存日誌和資料的根目錄 #編輯啟動檔案 $ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/fastdfs-tracker.service [Unit] Description=The FastDFS File server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf stop ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf restart [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target $ systemctl daemon-reload $ systemctl enable fastdfs-tracker.service $ systemctl start fastdfs-tracker.service $ netstat -tulnp #檢視服務是否啟動，埠是否開啟
storage server配置
$ vim /etc/fdfs/storage.conf #需要修改的內容如下 port=23000 # storage服務埠（預設23000,一般不修改） base_path=/data/fastdfs # 資料和日誌檔案儲存根目錄 store_path0=/data/fastdfs # 第一個儲存目錄 tracker_server=192.168.0.1:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 tracker_server=192.168.0.2:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 http.server_port=8888 # http訪問檔案的埠(預設8888,看情況修改,和nginx中保持一致) #編輯啟動檔案 $ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/fastdfs-storage.service [Unit] Description=The FastDFS File server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf stop ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf restart [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target $ systemctl daemon-reload $ systemctl enable fastdfs-storage.service $ systemctl start fastdfs-storage.service $ netstat -tulnp #檢視服務是否啟動，埠是否開啟 #檢視叢集狀態 $ fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf list [2018-11-06 00:00:00] DEBUG - base_path=/data/fastdfs/storage, connect_timeout=30, network_timeout=60, tracker_server_count=2, anti_steal_token=0, anti_steal_secret_key length=0, use_connection_pool=0, g_connection_pool_max_idle_time=3600s, use_storage_id=0, storage server id count: 0 server_count=2, server_index=0 tracker server is 192.168.0.1:22122 group count: 1 Group 1: ...
Client配置
$ vim /etc/fdfs/client.conf #需要修改的內容如下 base_path=/data/fastdfs tracker_server=192.168.0.1:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 tracker_server=192.168.0.2:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 #儲存後測試,返回ID表示成功 如：group1/M00/00/00/xx.tar.gz $ fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf testfile
4、安裝nginx和fastdfs-nginx-module
下載nginx module
$ wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs-nginx-module/archive/V1.20.tar.gz $ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/mod_fastdfs.conf /etc/fdfs
安裝nginx
$ yum install nginx -y # 檢視版本及編譯引數 $ nginx -v $ nginx -V
新增nginx module
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz $ cd nginx-1.12.2/ $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --add-module=/opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/ $ make $ cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx $ systemctl enable nginx $ systemctl restart nginx
檢視外掛是否安裝成功：
$ nginx -V
配置nginx訪問
$ vim /etc/fdfs/mod_fastdfs.conf #需要修改的內容如下 tracker_server=192.168.0.1:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 tracker_server=192.168.0.2:22122 # tracker伺服器IP和埠 url_have_group_name=true base_path=/data/fastdfs store_path0=/data/fastdfs #配置nginx.config $ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf #增加如下內容 server { listen 8888; ## 該埠為storage.conf中的http.server_port相同 server_name localhost; location ~/group[0-9]/ { root /data/fastdfs; ngx_fastdfs_module; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } #測試下載，用外部瀏覽器訪問剛才已傳過的檔案,引用返回的ID http://192.168.0.10:8888/group1/M00/00/00/wKgAQ1pysxmAaqhAAA76tz-dVgg.tar.gz #彈出下載則目前nginx已經OK
注：
在nginx的構建中會遇到不少的報錯，具體如下：
- ./configure: error: the Google perftools module requires the Google perftools library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.
解決方法如下：
$ yum install gperftools -y
- /configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
- ./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl= options.
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
- ./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library. You can either disable the module by using –without-http_gzip_module option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library statically from the source with nginx by using –with-zlib= option.
解決方法如下：
$ yum install -y zlib-devel
- ./configure: error: the HTTP XSLT module requires the libxml2/libxslt libraries. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-dev $ yum -y install libxslt-devel
- ./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install gd-devel
- ./configure: error: perl module ExtUtils::Embed is required
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed
- ./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.
解決方法如下：
$ yum -y install GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data
- 在make過程中會出現一個報錯：/usr/include/fastdfs/fdfs_define.h:15:27: fatal error: common_define.h: No such file or directory
解決方法如下：
修改fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/config檔案，修改如下： ngx_module_incs="/usr/include/fastdfs /usr/include/fastcommon/" CORE_INCS="$CORE_INCS /usr/include/fastdfs /usr/include/fastcommon/" 然後重新./configure && make，就可以了
5、配置檔案訪問的負載均衡和高可用
在192.168.0.100和101上安裝nginx、keepalived
yum install -y nginx keepalived
nginx的配置檔案如下：
upstream fdfs_group01 { server 192.168.0.10:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 192.168.0.11:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location /group01{ proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_pass http://fdfs_group01; expires 30d; } }
keepalived配置檔案如下：
global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_ngx { script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" interval 2 weight -5 fall 3 rise 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eno16777984 state MASTER priority 100 virtual_router_id 11 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } unicast_src_ip 192.168.0.100 unicast_peer { 192.168.0.101 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.0.200 } track_script { chk_ngx } notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup" notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault" }
check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash counter=$(ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l) if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then exit 1 else exit 0 fi
OK,以上就是所有的安裝步驟及相關配置。
文章中有什麼疑問或者錯誤，歡迎大家提出指正。
注：借鑑文章URL如下：
- https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/wiki
- https://www.cnblogs.com/youzhibing/p/9187765.html
注：本作品採用知識共享署名-非商業性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 國際許可協議進行許可。