實際項目中用python腳本實現接口測試的步驟：

1 發送請求，獲取響應 》》2 提取響應裏的數據，對數據進行必要的處理 》》3 斷言響應數據是否與預期一致

以豆瓣接口為例，做一個簡單的接口測試吧。使用到的知識涉及requests庫，json庫。

1 發送請求，獲取響應

#coding:utf-8
‘‘‘
dinghanhua
2018-11-10
接口返回數據為json類型，提取數據實例
‘‘‘

import requests
import json

q = ‘python‘
count = 3
url = ‘https://api.douban.com/v2/book/search?q={0}&count={1}
 
‘.format(q,count)
request = requests.get(url) #請求並獲取響應

2 json解析響應數據

jsonstr = json.loads(request.text) #json解析響應文本

‘‘‘解析後的數據格式‘‘‘
print(‘響應解析後的類型：‘,type(jsonstr)) #dict
print(‘響應解析後的鍵值對個數：‘,len(jsonstr)) #字典鍵值對個數
for key in jsonstr: #打印出所有的keys
    print(key ,end=‘ ‘)

3 提取數據及數據處理

‘‘‘取json串裏的值
 
‘‘‘
books = jsonstr[‘books‘] #取books對應的值
# print(type(books)) #list 數組
print(‘books共有%d本書‘%len(books)) #數組元素個數

for book in books: #編輯books取每本書的信息
    # print(type(book)) # book的類型
    # for key in book: # book的keys
    #     print(key)
    ‘‘‘取出所需的字段‘‘‘
    index = books.index(book) #索引
    NO = str(index+1) #
 
第幾本書
    average= book[‘rating‘][‘average‘]

    author = book[‘author‘] #author是數組,可能有多個作者
    authors = ‘‘
    for au in author:
        authors += au

    pubdate = book[‘pubdate‘]
    title = book[‘title‘]
    author_intro = book[‘author_intro‘]
    summary = book[‘summary‘]
    price = book[‘price‘]

    ‘‘‘格式化輸出‘‘‘
    print(‘NO.{NO}\n書名：{title}\n出版日期：{pubdate}\n平均分：{average}\n定價：{price}\n‘
          ‘作者：{author}\n{author_intro}\n內容簡介：{summary}‘.format(title = title,
                                                                NO = NO,
                                                                pubdate = pubdate,
                                                                author = authors,
                                                                author_intro = author_intro,
                                                                average = average,
                                                                price = price,
                                                                summary = summary))

4 斷言

 ‘‘‘斷言‘‘‘
    expectedtitle = [‘Python編程：從入門到實踐‘,‘利用Python進行數據分析‘,‘Python網絡數據采集‘] #預期結果

    if title ==  expectedtitle[index]:
        print(‘test pass‘)
    else:
        print(‘test fail. The expected title is %s,but the actual title is: %s.‘%(expectedtitle[index],title))

好了，簡單的接口測試腳本完成。完整代碼：

#coding:utf-8
‘‘‘
dinghanhua
2018-11-10
接口返回數據為json類型，提取數據實例
‘‘‘

import requests
import json

q = ‘python‘
count = 3
url = ‘https://api.douban.com/v2/book/search?q={0}&count={1}‘.format(q,count)
request = requests.get(url) #請求並獲取響應

jsonstr = json.loads(request.text) #json解析響應文本

‘‘‘解析後的數據格式‘‘‘
print(‘響應解析後的類型：‘,type(jsonstr)) #dict
print(‘響應解析後的鍵值對個數：‘,len(jsonstr)) #字典鍵值對個數
for key in jsonstr: #打印出所有的keys
    print(key ,end=‘ ‘)

‘‘‘取json串裏的值‘‘‘
books = jsonstr[‘books‘] #取books對應的值
# print(type(books)) #list 數組
print(‘books共有%d本書‘%len(books)) #數組元素個數

for book in books: #編輯books取每本書的信息
    # print(type(book)) # book的類型
    # for key in book: # book的keys
    #     print(key)
    ‘‘‘取出所需的字段‘‘‘
    index = books.index(book) #索引
    NO = str(index+1) #第幾本書
    average= book[‘rating‘][‘average‘]

    author = book[‘author‘] #author是數組,可能有多個作者
    authors = ‘‘
    for au in author:
        authors += au

    pubdate = book[‘pubdate‘]
    title = book[‘title‘]
    author_intro = book[‘author_intro‘]
    summary = book[‘summary‘]
    price = book[‘price‘]

    ‘‘‘格式化輸出‘‘‘
    print(‘NO.{NO}\n書名：{title}\n出版日期：{pubdate}\n平均分：{average}\n定價：{price}\n‘
          ‘作者：{author}\n{author_intro}\n內容簡介：{summary}‘.format(title = title,
                                                                NO = NO,
                                                                pubdate = pubdate,
                                                                author = authors,
                                                                author_intro = author_intro,
                                                                average = average,
                                                                price = price,
                                                                summary = summary))

    ‘‘‘斷言‘‘‘
    expectedtitle = [‘Python編程：從入門到實踐‘,‘利用Python進行數據分析‘,‘Python網絡數據采集1‘] #預期結果

    if title ==  expectedtitle[index]:
        print(‘test pass‘)
    else:
        print(‘test fail. The expected title is %s,but the actual title is: %s.‘%(expectedtitle[index],title))

the end！

python+requests+json 接口測試實戰