Intellij IDEA啟動springboot +maven專案報錯：

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                  (| -_- |)
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               ____/`---'\____
             .'  \\|     |//  `.
            /  \\|||  :  |||//  \
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======`-.____`-.___\_____/___.-`____.-'======
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
         佛祖保佑       永無BUG
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2018-09-12 16:53:33.453  INFO 7764 --- [  restartedMain] io.zb.ZbApplication                      : Starting ZbApplication on IT_User-PC with PID 7764 (D:\Workspace\downloadCenterAdmin\target\classes started by IT_User in D:\Workspace\downloadCenterAdmin)
2018-09-12 16:53:33.454 DEBUG 7764 --- [  restartedMain] io.zb.ZbApplication                      : Running with Spring Boot v2.0.0.RELEASE, Spring v5.0.4.RELEASE
2018-09-12 16:53:33.455  INFO 7764 --- [  restartedMain] io.zb.ZbApplication                      : The following profiles are active: dev
2018-09-12 16:53:33.498  INFO 7764 --- [  restartedMain] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.spring
 
[email protected]4bee8462: startup date [Wed Sep 12 16:53:33 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-12 16:53:33.980  WARN 7764 --- [  restartedMain] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to parse configuration class [io.zb.ZbApplication]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect annotated methods on class org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer
2018-09-12 16:53:33.993 ERROR 7764 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to parse configuration class [io.zb.ZbApplication]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect annotated methods on class org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:180)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:316)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:233)
	at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:273)
	at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:93)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:693)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:531)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:752)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:388)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:327)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1246)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1234)
	at io.zb.ZbApplication.main(ZbApplication.java:18)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect annotated methods on class org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer
	at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.getAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:169)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(ConfigurationClassParser.java:386)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:311)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:241)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:198)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:166)
	... 17 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975)
	at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.getAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:158)
	... 22 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletContext
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
	... 26 common frames omitted

Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:54623', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0
 

解決辦法：將pom.xml檔案中的

<scope>provided</scope>

改為

<scope>compile</scope>

然後就可以正常運行了。

參考地址：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37938289/spring-boot-java-lang-classnotfoundexception-javax-servlet-servletcontext-and