Spring Cloud之Ribbon與Nginx區別
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-13
客戶端負載均衡器
在SpringCloud中Ribbon負載均衡客戶端，會從eureka註冊中心伺服器端上獲取服務註冊資訊列表，快取到本地。
讓後在本地實現輪訓負載均衡策略。
Ribbon與Nginx區別
伺服器端負載均衡Nginx
nginx是客戶端所有請求統一交給nginx，由nginx進行實現負載均衡請求轉發，屬於伺服器端負載均衡。
既請求有nginx伺服器端進行轉發。
客戶端負載均衡Ribbon
Ribbon是從eureka註冊中心伺服器端上獲取服務註冊資訊列表，快取到本地，讓後在本地實現輪訓負載均衡策略。
既在客戶端實現負載均衡。
應用場景的區別：
Nginx適合於伺服器端實現負載均衡 比如Tomcat ，Ribbon適合與在微服務中RPC遠端呼叫實現本地服務負載均衡，比如Dubbo、SpringCloud中都是採用本地負載均衡。
Ribbon是Spring Cloud （本地）客戶端負載均衡器
Ribbon底層實現：
Member：
pom：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> <artifactId>member</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </parent> <!-- 管理依賴 --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Finchley.M7</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- SpringBoot整合Web元件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客戶端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- 注意： 這裡必須要新增， 否者各種依賴有問題 --> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
yml：
###服務啟動埠號
server:
port: 8009
###服務名稱(服務註冊到eureka名稱)
spring:
application:
name: app-toov5-member
###服務註冊到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
##當前會員註冊到eureka服務 地址+埠號
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
###因為該應用為註冊中心，不會註冊自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要從eureka上獲取註冊資訊
fetch-registry: trueController類
package com.toov5.api.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class MemberApiController { @Value("${server.port}") private String serverPort; @RequestMapping("/getMember") public String getMember() { return "會員服務"+serverPort; } }
啟動類：
package com.toov5.api; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient //註冊到eureka public class AppMember { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class, args); } }
Order
Controlller
package com.toov5.api.controller; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; //純手寫Ribbon本地負載均衡 @RestController public class ExtRibbonController { @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; //定義請求數 private int reqCount; @RequestMapping("/ribbonMember") public String ribbonMember() { //互毆去對應伺服器遠端呼叫地址 String instanceUrl = getInstance()+"/getMember"; System.out.println("instanceUrl"+instanceUrl); //直接使用httpclient遠端呼叫。本次使用rest方式 String result = restTemplate.getForObject(instanceUrl, String.class); //底層使用httpclient實現的 return result; } private String getInstance() { List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("app-toov5-member"); if (instances==null || instances.size()==0) { return null; } int instanceSize = instances.size(); int serviceIndex = reqCount%instanceSize; reqCount++; return instances.get(serviceIndex).getUri().toString(); } }
啟動類：
package com.toov5.api.controller; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class AppOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args); } //解決RestTemplate找不到問題 把restTemplate註冊到Spring Boot容器中 @Bean // @LoadBalanced 手寫的 不要去實現本地負載均衡效果了 RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
yml：
###服務啟動埠號
server:
port: 8002
###服務名稱(服務註冊到eureka名稱)
spring:
application:
name: app-toov5-order
###服務註冊到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
###因為該應用為註冊中心，不會註冊自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要從eureka上獲取註冊資訊
fetch-registry: true
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> <artifactId>order</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </parent> <!-- 管理依賴 --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Finchley.M7</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- SpringBoot整合Web元件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客戶端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- 注意： 這裡必須要新增， 否者各種依賴有問題 --> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
Eureka
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> <artifactId>SpringCloud-eureka-server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </parent> <!-- 管理依賴 --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Finchley.M7</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!--SpringCloud eureka-server --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- 注意： 這裡必須要新增， 否者各種依賴有問題 --> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
yml
###eureka 服務埠號
server:
port: 8100
###服務註冊名稱
eureka:
instance:
##註冊中心ip地址
hostname: 127.0.0.1
###客戶端呼叫地址
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
###因為該應用為註冊中心，不會註冊自己 （叢集設為true）
register-with-eureka: false
###因為自己為註冊中心 ,不會去在該應用中的檢測服務
fetch-registry: false
package com.toov5; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @EnableEurekaServer //開啟註冊中心 @SpringBootApplication public class AppEureka { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppEureka.class, args); } }
啟動訪問：
