編譯安裝nginx並實現反向代理負載均衡和快取功能
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-15
一、編譯安裝nginx
1、下載
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz
2、解壓
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz [[email protected] ~]# cd nginx-1.10.0
3、安裝依賴元件
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# yum install pcre-devel #url重寫需要的元件 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# yum install zlib-devel #gzip所依賴元件 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# yum install openssl-devel #openssl依賴的元件 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# groupadd -r nginx #建立一個nginx系統組 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# useradd -g nginx -r nginx #在nginx組中加入nginx使用者 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# id nginx uid=996(nginx) gid=994(nginx) 組=994(nginx)
4、編譯安裝
【注意】因為nginx部分模組不支援動態載入，所以需要什麼模組一定要提前指定好，淘寶的tengine則支援動態載入模組。
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --user=nginx --group=nginx --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/{client,proxy,fastcgi,uwsgi} [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# make && make install
5、./configure選項說明
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure --help --help print this message #幫助 --prefix=PATH set installation prefix #安裝路徑 --sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname #主程式安裝路徑 --modules-path=PATH set modules path #模組安裝路徑 --conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname #主配置檔案安裝路徑 --error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname #錯誤日誌路徑 --pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname #pid檔案路徑 --lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname #鎖檔案路徑 --user=USER set non-privileged user for #nginx啟動時work程序以什麼身份執行 worker processes --group=GROUP set non-privileged group for #nginx啟動時work程序以什麼組執行 worker processes --build=NAME set build name #指定編譯的名稱 --builddir=DIR set build directory #指定編譯的目錄 #with的是預設沒啟用的模組，with後啟用 #without的是預設啟動的模組，without後關閉 --with-select_module enable select module #開起select模組 --without-select_module disable select module #關閉select模組 --with-poll_module enable poll module #開起poll模組 --without-poll_module disable poll module #關閉poll模組 --with-threads enable thread pool support #啟用執行緒池 --with-file-aio enable file AIO support #開起檔案AIO功能，一般用來提高圖片站讀i/o操作 --with-ipv6 enable IPv6 support #開起ipv6支援 --with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module #啟用ssl模組 --with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module #源自spdy協議，優先請求瀏覽器最繼續的內容 --with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module #反向代理時把真實訪問ip傳給後端 --with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module #在頁面後新增文字 --with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module #在響應XML檔案時，轉為一個或多個XSLT樣式 --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module #動態的xslt模組 --with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module #開啟圖片轉換功能，依賴 libgd 庫，能夠對圖片進行轉換格式，尺寸等 --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic #動態的image_filter模組 enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module #開啟GeoIP功能，需要geoIP 資料庫的支援 --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module #動態geoip模組 --with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module #sub模組，用來替換相應包指定內容 --with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module #開啟WebDAV功能，此方法可以開啟PUT、DELETE、COPY、MKCOL、MOVE等HTTP方法，建議關閉 --with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module #流媒體模組 --with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module #mp4模組 --with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module #開啟gzip方式傳輸模式，能夠大大減少頻寬消耗 --with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module #壓縮靜態頁面的gizp模組 --with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module #基於請求的返回結果來控制使用者鑑權 --with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module #響應使用者以 “/” 結尾的請求，並在該目錄下隨機選擇一個檔案作為index檔案。此模組先於 ngx_http_index_module 被執行 --with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module #開啟安全連結功能。防盜鏈用 --with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module #記憶體不足時，Nginx將返回204或444給客戶端 --with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module #開啟切片模組，對大檔案切片用 --with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module #nginx狀態頁面模組 --without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module #下面都是預設安裝的模組，有需要可以關閉 --without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module --without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module --without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module --without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module --without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module --without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module --without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module --without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module --without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module --without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module --without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module --without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module --without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module --without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module --without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module --without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module --without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module --without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module --without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module --without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module --without-http_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module --without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module --without-http_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module --without-http_upstream_keepalive_module disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module --without-http_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module --with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module #開起perl模組 --with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module #動態perl模組 --with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path --with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname --http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname #訪問日誌路徑 --http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store #客戶端上傳內容臨時存放位置，路徑不存在則必須先建立 http client request body temporary files --http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store #作為代理伺服器代理內容臨時存放位置 http proxy temporary files --http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store #fastcgi協議工作時所需臨時目錄 http fastcgi temporary files --http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store #uwsgi協議工作時所需臨時目錄 http uwsgi temporary files --http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store #scgi協議工作時所需臨時目錄 http scgi temporary files --without-http disable HTTP server --without-http-cache disable HTTP cache --with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module #開起mail模組 --with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module #開起mail動態模組 --with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module --without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module --with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module #stream模組用於tcp/udp和負載均衡 --with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module #動態stream模組 --with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module --without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module --without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module --without-stream_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module --without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module --without-stream_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module --with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module #記憶體管理模組合理調配系統記憶體資源給伺服器 --with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module #啟用ngx_cpp_test_module支援 --add-module=PATH enable external module #啟用外部模組支援 --add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module #動態載入外部模組 --with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname #用於C編譯環境非預設的情況，指向C編譯器路徑 --with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname #指向C預處理路徑 --with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options #設定C編譯器引數 --with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options #設定連線檔案引數 --with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values: #指定編譯的CPU pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4, athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64 --without-pcre disable PCRE library usage --with-pcre force PCRE library usage #url重寫時所需模組，有更強大的正則引擎 --with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources --with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE --with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support --with-md5=DIR set path to md5 library sources --with-md5-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for md5 --with-md5-asm use md5 assembler sources --with-sha1=DIR set path to sha1 library sources --with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for sha1 --with-sha1-asm use sha1 assembler sources --with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources gzip --with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib --with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized for the specified CPU, valid values: pentium, pentiumpro --with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage --with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources --with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources #openssl所在位置 --with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL --with-debug enable debug logging
二、啟動指令碼
[[email protected] init.d]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx #編寫啟動指令碼 #! /bin/bash # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # pidfile: /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" #根據自己的安裝位置修改這裡 prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" #修改這裡 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/nginx.lock #修改這裡 start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# service nginx restart #開機啟動 [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# chkconfig --add nginx [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# chkconfig nginx on [[email protected] nginx-1.10.0]# chkconfig --list nginx nginx 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關
三、配置2個基於nginx的web
（172.16.22.39）（172.16.22.40）
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; #以哪個使用者的身份執行nginx worker_processes 1; #執行幾個worker程序 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; #錯誤日誌位置 #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; pid /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid; #pid檔案位置 events { worker_connections 1024; #一個worker程序的最大併發數量 } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' #日誌格式 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; #訪問日誌位置和應用上面的格式 sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #持久連線時間 gzip on; #開起gzip壓縮 server { listen 80; server_name ns3.xinfeng.com; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/html; #根目錄位置 index index.html index.htm; #首頁索引檔案 } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #錯誤頁面位置 location = /50x.html { root html; } ｝ [[email protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html <h1>ns2.xinfeng.com</h1> [[email protected] ~]# service nginx start [[email protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html <h1>ns3.xinfeng.com</h1> [[email protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/ds.html <h1>There is ds.</h1> [[email protected] ~]# service nginx start
四、配置反向代理,負載均衡,快取
1、建立快取目錄和修改hosts檔案（172.16.22.38）
#建立快取目錄(172.16.22.38)，修改hosts檔案（全部主機） [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -pv /cache/nginx [[email protected] ~]# chown nginx:nginx /cache/nginx [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/hosts 172.16.22.38 ns1.xinfeng.com 172.16.22.39 ns2.xinfeng.com 172.16.22.40 ns3.xinfeng.com #另外兩臺也要修改
2、修改代理伺服器配置檔案（172.16.22.38）
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log error; pid /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1 keys_zone=mycache:32m; #快取路徑，1：1表示1級目錄下有1個子目錄，快取key名稱為mycache後面呼叫時要用，快取大小為32m sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; upstream xinfengsvr { #定義一個負載均衡組，組名叫xinfengsvr，下面直接呼叫組名 server 172.16.22.39:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1; #權重1，錯誤2次，每次超時1秒,就算健康狀態,檢測失敗，還可以在後面街上backup將次伺服器作為備用伺服器 server 172.16.22.40:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1; # } server { listen 80; server_name ns1.xinfeng.com; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://xinfengsvr/; #將對本伺服器首頁的請求代理至負載均衡組xinfengsvr，以實現負載均衡 } location /index/ { proxy_cache mycache; #呼叫快取key為mycahe proxy_cache_valid 200 1m; #返回值為200的快取1分鐘 #root /var/www/html; proxy_pass http://172.16.22.40/ds.html; #將url為/index/的代理至ns3.xinfeng.com/ds.html proxy_set_header Host $host; #把客戶端真實主機名傳遞給後端伺服器 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #把客戶端真實ip傳遞給後端伺服器 index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /var/www/html; } } } [[email protected] ~]# service nginx reload [[email protected] ~]# service nginx restart
在把客戶端ip發給後端伺服器時，apache需要修改httpd.conf
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
如果是後端nginx，需要修改nginx.conf
--with-http_realip_module #需要安裝時開起此模組 set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.0/24; #這裡是前端代理伺服器ip，可以是單個IP或者IP段 set_real_ip_from 192.168.2.1; real_ip_header X-Real-IP;
五、檢視結果
1、檢視快取結果
[[email protected] ~]# cd /cache/nginx [[email protected] ~]# ls 5 [[email protected] ~]# ls 5/d/a9c378c70c62b5ed29dac22910c12ad5
2、負載均衡效果
3、反向代理效果
