1. 程式人生 > >【ABP框架系列學習】介紹篇(1)

【ABP框架系列學習】介紹篇(1)

 

0.引言

該系列博文主要在【官方文件】及【tkbSimplest】ABP框架理論研究系列博文的基礎上進行總結的,或許大家會質問,別人都已經翻譯過了,這不是多此一舉嗎?原因如下:

1.【tkbSimplest】的相關博文由於撰寫得比較早的,在參照官方文件學習的過程中,發現部分知識未能及時同步(當前V4.0.2版本),如【EntityHistory】、【Multi-Lingual Engities】章節未涉及、【Caching】章節沒有Entity Caching等內容。

2.進一步深入學習ABP的理論知識。

3.藉此機會提高英文文件的閱讀能力,故根據官方當前最新的版本,並在前人的基礎上,自己也感受一下英文幫助文件的魅力。

好了,下面開始進入正題。

1.APB是什麼?

ABP是ASP.NET Boilerplate的簡稱,從英文字面上理解它是一個關於ASP.NET的模板,在github上已經有5.7k的star(截止2018年11月21日)。官方的解釋:ABP是一個開源且文件友好的應用程式框架。ABP不僅僅是一個框架,它還提供了一個最徍實踐的基於領域驅動設計(DDD)的體系結構模型。

ABP與最新的ASP.NET COREEF CORE版本保持同步,同樣也支援ASP.NET MVC 5.x和EF6.x。

2.一個快速事例

 讓我們研究一個簡單的類,看看ABP具有哪些優點:

public
class TaskAppService : ApplicationService, ITaskAppService { private readonly IRepository<Task> _taskRepository; public TaskAppService(IRepository<Task> taskRepository) { _taskRepository = taskRepository; } [AbpAuthorize(MyPermissions.UpdateTasks)]
public async Task UpdateTask(UpdateTaskInput input) { Logger.Info("Updating a task for input: " + input); var task = await _taskRepository.FirstOrDefaultAsync(input.TaskId); if (task == null) { throw new UserFriendlyException(L("CouldNotFindTheTaskMessage")); } input.MapTo(task); } }

這裡我們看到一個Application Service(應用服務)方法。在DDD中,應用服務直接用於表現層(UI)執行應用程式的用例。那麼在UI層中就可以通過javascript ajax的方式呼叫UpdateTask方法。

var _taskService = abp.services.app.task;
_taskService.updateTask(...);

3.ABP的優點

通過上述事例,讓我們來看看ABP的一些優點:

依賴注入(Dependency Injection):ABP使用並提供了傳統的DI基礎設施。上述TaskAppService類是一個應用服務(繼承自ApplicationService),所以它按照慣例以短暫(每次請求建立一次)的形式自動註冊到DI容器中。同樣的,也可以簡單地注入其他依賴(如事例中的IRepository<Task>)。

部分原始碼分析:TaskAppService類繼承自ApplicationService,IApplicaitonServcie又繼承自ITransientDependency介面,在ABP框架中已經將ITransientDependency介面注入到DI容器中,所有繼承自ITransientDependency介面的類或介面都會預設注入。

 //空介面
  public interface ITransientDependency
  {

  }
   
  //應用服務介面
  public interface IApplicationService : ITransientDependency
  {

  }

  //倉儲介面
  public interface IRepository : ITransientDependency
  {
        
  }
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 public class BasicConventionalRegistrar : IConventionalDependencyRegistrar
    {
        public void RegisterAssembly(IConventionalRegistrationContext context)
        {
            //注入到IOC,所有繼承自ITransientDependency的類、介面等都會預設注入
            context.IocManager.IocContainer.Register(
                Classes.FromAssembly(context.Assembly)
                    .IncludeNonPublicTypes()
                    .BasedOn<ITransientDependency>()
                    .If(type => !type.GetTypeInfo().IsGenericTypeDefinition)
                    .WithService.Self()
                    .WithService.DefaultInterfaces()
                    .LifestyleTransient()
                );

            //Singleton
            context.IocManager.IocContainer.Register(
                Classes.FromAssembly(context.Assembly)
                    .IncludeNonPublicTypes()
                    .BasedOn<ISingletonDependency>()
                    .If(type => !type.GetTypeInfo().IsGenericTypeDefinition)
                    .WithService.Self()
                    .WithService.DefaultInterfaces()
                    .LifestyleSingleton()
                );

            //Windsor Interceptors
            context.IocManager.IocContainer.Register(
                Classes.FromAssembly(context.Assembly)
                    .IncludeNonPublicTypes()
                    .BasedOn<IInterceptor>()
                    .If(type => !type.GetTypeInfo().IsGenericTypeDefinition)
                    .WithService.Self()
                    .LifestyleTransient()
                );
        }
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倉儲(Repository):ABP可以為每一個實體建立一個預設的倉儲(如事例中的IRepository<Task>)。預設的倉儲提供了很多有用的方法,如事例中的FirstOrDefault方法。當然,也可以根據需求擴充套件預設的倉儲。倉儲抽象了DBMS和ORMs,並簡化了資料訪問邏輯。

                              

授權(Authorization):ABP可以通過宣告的方式檢查許可權。如果當前使用者沒有【update task】的許可權或沒有登入,則會阻止訪問UpdateTask方法。ABP不僅提供了宣告屬性的方式授權,而且還可以通過其它的方式。

部分原始碼分析:AbpAuthorizeAttribute類實現了Attribute,可在類或方法上通過【AbpAuthorize】宣告。

   [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true)]
   public class AbpAuthorizeAttribute : Attribute, IAbpAuthorizeAttribute
   {
        /// <summary>
        /// A list of permissions to authorize.
        /// </summary>
        public string[] Permissions { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// If this property is set to true, all of the <see cref="Permissions"/> must be 
            granted.
        /// If it's false, at least one of the <see cref="Permissions"/> must be granted.
        /// Default: false.
        /// </summary>
        public bool RequireAllPermissions { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="AbpAuthorizeAttribute"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="permissions">A list of permissions to authorize</param>
        public AbpAuthorizeAttribute(params string[] permissions)
        {
            Permissions = permissions;
        }
    }
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 通過AuthorizationProvider類中的SetPermissions方法進行自定義授權。

 public abstract class AuthorizationProvider : ITransientDependency
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// This method is called once on application startup to allow to define 
            permissions.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">Permission definition context</param>
        public abstract void SetPermissions(IPermissionDefinitionContext context);
    }
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驗證(Validation):ABP自動檢查輸入是否為null。它也基於標準資料註釋特性和自定義驗證規則驗證所有的輸入屬性。如果請求無效,它會在客戶端丟擲適合的驗證異常。

部分原始碼分析:ABP框架中主要通過攔截器ValidationInterceptor(AOP實現方式之一,)實現驗證,該攔截器在ValidationInterceptorRegistrar的Initialize方法中呼叫。

internal static class ValidationInterceptorRegistrar
    {
        public static void Initialize(IIocManager iocManager)
        {
            iocManager.IocContainer.Kernel.ComponentRegistered += Kernel_ComponentRegistered;
        }

        private static void Kernel_ComponentRegistered(string key, IHandler handler)
        {
            if (typeof(IApplicationService).GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(handler.ComponentModel.Implementation))
            {
                handler.ComponentModel.Interceptors.Add(new InterceptorReference(typeof(ValidationInterceptor)));
            }
        }
    }
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 public class ValidationInterceptor : IInterceptor
    {
        private readonly IIocResolver _iocResolver;

        public ValidationInterceptor(IIocResolver iocResolver)
        {
            _iocResolver = iocResolver;
        }

        public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
        {
            if (AbpCrossCuttingConcerns.IsApplied(invocation.InvocationTarget, AbpCrossCuttingConcerns.Validation))
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
                return;
            }

            using (var validator = _iocResolver.ResolveAsDisposable<MethodInvocationValidator>())
            {
                validator.Object.Initialize(invocation.MethodInvocationTarget, invocation.Arguments);
                validator.Object.Validate();
            }
            
            invocation.Proceed();
        }
    }
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自定義Customvalidator類

 public class CustomValidator : IMethodParameterValidator
    {
        private readonly IIocResolver _iocResolver;

        public CustomValidator(IIocResolver iocResolver)
        {
            _iocResolver = iocResolver;
        }

        public IReadOnlyList<ValidationResult> Validate(object validatingObject)
        {
            var validationErrors = new List<ValidationResult>();

            if (validatingObject is ICustomValidate customValidateObject)
            {
                var context = new CustomValidationContext(validationErrors, _iocResolver);
                customValidateObject.AddValidationErrors(context);
            }

            return validationErrors;
        }
    }
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審計日誌(Audit Logging):基於約定和配置,使用者、瀏覽器、IP地址、呼叫服務、方法、引數、呼叫時間、執行時長以及其它資訊會為每一個請求自動儲存。

部分原始碼分析:ABP框架中主要通過攔截器AuditingInterceptor(AOP實現方式之一,)實現審計日誌,該攔截器在AuditingInterceptorRegistrar的Initialize方法中呼叫。

internal static class AuditingInterceptorRegistrar
    {
        public static void Initialize(IIocManager iocManager)
        {
            iocManager.IocContainer.Kernel.ComponentRegistered += (key, handler) =>
            {
                if (!iocManager.IsRegistered<IAuditingConfiguration>())
                {
                    return;
                }

                var auditingConfiguration = iocManager.Resolve<IAuditingConfiguration>();

                if (ShouldIntercept(auditingConfiguration, handler.ComponentModel.Implementation))
                {
                    handler.ComponentModel.Interceptors.Add(new InterceptorReference(typeof(AuditingInterceptor)));
                }
            };
        }
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        private static bool ShouldIntercept(IAuditingConfiguration auditingConfiguration, Type type)
        {
            if (auditingConfiguration.Selectors.Any(selector => selector.Predicate(type)))
            {
                return true;
            }

            if (type.GetTypeInfo().IsDefined(typeof(AuditedAttribute), true))
            {
                return true;
            }

            if (type.GetMethods().Any(m => m.IsDefined(typeof(AuditedAttribute), true)))
            {
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
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 internal class AuditingInterceptor : IInterceptor
    {
        private readonly IAuditingHelper _auditingHelper;

        public AuditingInterceptor(IAuditingHelper auditingHelper)
        {
            _auditingHelper = auditingHelper;
        }

        public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
        {
            if (AbpCrossCuttingConcerns.IsApplied(invocation.InvocationTarget, 
               AbpCrossCuttingConcerns.Auditing))
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
                return;
            }

            if (!_auditingHelper.ShouldSaveAudit(invocation.MethodInvocationTarget))
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
                return;
            }

            var auditInfo = _auditingHelper.CreateAuditInfo(invocation.TargetType, 
            invocation.MethodInvocationTarget, invocation.Arguments);

            if (invocation.Method.IsAsync())
            {
                PerformAsyncAuditing(invocation, auditInfo);
            }
            else
            {
                PerformSyncAuditing(invocation, auditInfo);
            }
        }

        private void PerformSyncAuditing(IInvocation invocation, AuditInfo auditInfo)
        {
            var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

            try
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                auditInfo.Exception = ex;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                stopwatch.Stop();
                auditInfo.ExecutionDuration = 
                Convert.ToInt32(stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
                _auditingHelper.Save(auditInfo);
            }
        }

        private void PerformAsyncAuditing(IInvocation invocation, AuditInfo auditInfo)
        {
            var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

            invocation.Proceed();

            if (invocation.Method.ReturnType == typeof(Task))
            {
                invocation.ReturnValue = InternalAsyncHelper.AwaitTaskWithFinally(
                    (Task) invocation.ReturnValue,
                    exception => SaveAuditInfo(auditInfo, stopwatch, exception)
                    );
            }
            else //Task<TResult>
            {
                invocation.ReturnValue = 
                InternalAsyncHelper.CallAwaitTaskWithFinallyAndGetResult(
                    invocation.Method.ReturnType.GenericTypeArguments[0],
                    invocation.ReturnValue,
                    exception => SaveAuditInfo(auditInfo, stopwatch, exception)
                    );
            }
        }

        private void SaveAuditInfo(AuditInfo auditInfo, Stopwatch stopwatch, Exception 
        exception)
        {
            stopwatch.Stop();
            auditInfo.Exception = exception;
            auditInfo.ExecutionDuration = 
            Convert.ToInt32(stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);

            _auditingHelper.Save(auditInfo);
        }
    }
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工作單元(Unit Of Work):在ABP中,應用服務方法預設視為一個工作單元。它會自動建立一個連線並在方法的開始位置開啟事務。如果方法成功完成並沒有異常,事務會提交併釋放連線。即使這個方法使用不同的倉儲或方法,它們都是原子的(事務的)。當事務提交時,實體的所有改變都會自動儲存。如上述事例所示,甚至不需要呼叫_repository.Update(task)方法。

部分原始碼分析:ABP框架中主要通過攔截器UnitOfWorkInterceptor(AOP實現方式之一,)實現工作單元,該攔截器在UnitOfWorkRegistrar的Initialize方法中呼叫。

internal class UnitOfWorkInterceptor : IInterceptor
    {
        private readonly IUnitOfWorkManager _unitOfWorkManager;
        private readonly IUnitOfWorkDefaultOptions _unitOfWorkOptions;

        public UnitOfWorkInterceptor(IUnitOfWorkManager unitOfWorkManager, IUnitOfWorkDefaultOptions unitOfWorkOptions)
        {
            _unitOfWorkManager = unitOfWorkManager;
            _unitOfWorkOptions = unitOfWorkOptions;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Intercepts a method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="invocation">Method invocation arguments</param>
        public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
        {
            MethodInfo method;
            try
            {
                method = invocation.MethodInvocationTarget;
            }
            catch
            {
                method = invocation.GetConcreteMethod();
            }

            var unitOfWorkAttr = _unitOfWorkOptions.GetUnitOfWorkAttributeOrNull(method);
            if (unitOfWorkAttr == null || unitOfWorkAttr.IsDisabled)
            {
                //No need to a uow
                invocation.Proceed();
                return;
            }

            //No current uow, run a new one
            PerformUow(invocation, unitOfWorkAttr.CreateOptions());
        }

        private void PerformUow(IInvocation invocation, UnitOfWorkOptions options)
        {
            if (invocation.Method.IsAsync())
            {
                PerformAsyncUow(invocation, options);
            }
            else
            {
                PerformSyncUow(invocation, options);
            }
        }

        private void PerformSyncUow(IInvocation invocation, UnitOfWorkOptions options)
        {
            using (var uow = _unitOfWorkManager.Begin(options))
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
                uow.Complete();
            }
        }

        private void PerformAsyncUow(IInvocation invocation, UnitOfWorkOptions options)
        {
            var uow = _unitOfWorkManager.Begin(options);

            try
            {
                invocation.Proceed();
            }
            catch
            {
                uow.Dispose();
                throw;
            }

            if (invocation.Method.ReturnType == typeof(Task))
            {
                invocation.ReturnValue = InternalAsyncHelper.AwaitTaskWithPostActionAndFinally(
                    (Task) invocation.ReturnValue,
                    async () => await uow.CompleteAsync(),
                    exception => uow.Dispose()
                );
            }
            else //Task<TResult>
            {
                invocation.ReturnValue = InternalAsyncHelper.CallAwaitTaskWithPostActionAndFinallyAndGetResult(
                    invocation.Method.ReturnType.GenericTypeArguments[0],
                    invocation.ReturnValue,
                    async () => await uow.CompleteAsync(),
                    exception => uow.Dispose()
                );
            }
        }
    }
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異常處理(Exception):在使用了ABP框架的Web應用程式中,我們幾乎不用手動處理異常。預設情況下,所有的異常都會自動處理。如果發生異常,ABP會自動記錄並給客戶端返回合適的結果。例如:對於一個ajax請求,返回一個json物件給客戶端,表明發生了錯誤。但會對客戶端隱藏實際的異常,除非像上述事例那樣使用UserFriendlyException方法丟擲。它也理解和處理客戶端的錯誤,並向客戶端顯示合適的資訊。

部分原始碼分析:UserFriendlyException丟擲異常方法。

 [Serializable]
    public class UserFriendlyException : AbpException, IHasLogSeverity, IHasErrorCode
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Additional information about the exception.
        /// </summary>
        public string Details { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// An arbitrary error code.
        /// </summary>
        public int Code { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Severity of the exception.
        /// Default: Warn.
        /// </summary>
        public LogSeverity Severity { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        public UserFriendlyException()
        {
            Severity = LogSeverity.Warn;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor for serializing.
        /// </summary>
        public UserFriendlyException(SerializationInfo serializationInfo, StreamingContext context)
            : base(serializationInfo, context)
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(string message)
            : base(message)
        {
            Severity = LogSeverity.Warn;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        /// <param name="severity">Exception severity</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(string message, LogSeverity severity)
            : base(message)
        {
            Severity = severity;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="code">Error code</param>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message)
            : this(message)
        {
            Code = code;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        /// <param name="details">Additional information about the exception</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details)
            : this(message)
        {
            Details = details;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="code">Error code</param>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        /// <param name="details">Additional information about the exception</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message, string details)
            : this(message, details)
        {
            Code = code;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        /// <param name="innerException">Inner exception</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(string message, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
            Severity = LogSeverity.Warn;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">Exception message</param>
        /// <param name="details">Additional information about the exception</param>
        /// <param name="innerException">Inner exception</param>
        public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details, Exception innerException)
            : this(message, innerException)
        {
            Details = details;
        }
    }
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日誌(Logging):由上述事例可見,可以通過在基類定義的Logger物件來寫日誌。ABP預設使用了Log4Net,但它是可更改和可配置的。

部分原始碼分析:Log4NetLoggerFactory類。

 public class Log4NetLoggerFactory : AbstractLoggerFactory
    {
        internal const string DefaultConfigFileName = "log4net.config";
        private readonly ILoggerRepository _loggerRepository;

        public Log4NetLoggerFactory()
            : this(DefaultConfigFileName)
        {
        }

        public Log4NetLoggerFactory(string configFileName)
        {
            _loggerRepository = LogManager.CreateRepository(
                typeof(Log4NetLoggerFactory).GetAssembly(),
                typeof(log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Hierarchy)
            );

            var log4NetConfig = new XmlDocument();
            log4NetConfig.Load(File.OpenRead(configFileName));
            XmlConfigurator.Configure(_loggerRepository, log4NetConfig["log4net"]);
        }

        public override ILogger Create(string name)
        {
            if (name == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
            }

            return new Log4NetLogger(LogManager.GetLogger(_loggerRepository.Name, name), this);
        }

        public override ILogger Create(string name, LoggerLevel level)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("Logger levels cannot be set at runtime. Please review your configuration file.");
        }
    }
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本地化(Localization):注意,在上述事例中使用了L("XXX")方法處理丟擲的異常。因此,它會基於當前使用者的文化自動實現本地化。詳細見後續本地化章節。

部分原始碼分析:......

 

自動對映(Auto Mapping):在上述事例最後一行程式碼,使用了ABP的MapTo擴充套件方法將輸入物件的屬性對映到實體屬性。ABP使用AutoMapper第三方庫執行對映。根據命名慣例可以很容易的將屬性從一個物件對映到另一個物件。

部分原始碼分析:AutoMapExtensions類中的MapTo()方法。

 public static class AutoMapExtensions
    {

        public static TDestination MapTo<TDestination>(this object source)
        {
            return Mapper.Map<TDestination>(source);
        }


        public static TDestination MapTo<TSource, TDestination>(this TSource source, TDestination destination)
        {
            return Mapper.Map(source, destination);
        }

        ......
  }
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動態API層(Dynamic API Layer):在上述事例中,TaskAppService實際上是一個簡單的類。通常必須編寫一個Web API Controller包裝器給js客戶端暴露方法,而ABP會在執行時自動完成。通過這種方式,可以在客戶端直接使用應用服務方法。

部分原始碼分析:......

 

動態javascript ajax代理(Dynamic JavaScript AJAX Proxy):ABP建立動態代理方法,從而使得呼叫應用服務方法就像呼叫客戶端的js方法一樣簡單。

部分原始碼分析:......

 

4.本章小節

通過上述簡單的類可以看到ABP的優點。完成所有這些任務通常需要花費大量的時間,但是ABP框架會自動處理。

除了這個上述簡單的事例外,ABP還提供了一個健壯的基礎設施和開發模型,如模組化、多租戶、快取、後臺工作、資料過濾、設定管理、領域事件、單元&整合測試等等,那麼你可以專注於業務程式碼,而不需要重複做這些工作(DRY)