1. 程式人生 > >Android-NDK學習記錄1-環境配置

Android-NDK學習記錄1-環境配置

一. Android Studio配置

(一) 元件下載

  • 要使用和除錯,先下載NDK元件:
    • NDK包:這套工具集允許您為 Android 使用 C 和 C++ 程式碼,並提供眾多平臺庫,讓您可以管理原生 Activity 和訪問物理裝置元件,例如感測器和觸控輸入。
    • cmake:一款外部構建工具,可與 Gradle 搭配使用來構建原生庫。如果您只計劃使用 ndk-build,則不需要此元件。
    • LLDB:一種除錯程式,Android Studio 使用它來除錯原生程式碼。

勾選如上圖所示三項即可。這個不用經常更新,特別是NDK,一般有新版本出來了會提示你,但是不用隨意更新,因為有可能更新到比較新的版本,你之前的版本編譯就不行了哦,改起來還挺麻煩的,嘿嘿,特別是針對含有第三方庫編譯的情況。

(二) 配置

Android新版本推薦使用CMake,這裡講的都是CMake,使用的指令碼為CMakeLists.txt

CMake入門可以看這裡

  1. 如果是新建專案,則勾選C++支援即可完成建立

  2. 如果是老專案:

    1. 在main目錄下新建cpp的原生程式碼目錄,然後再建立一個native-lib.cpp的c++檔案
    2. 在module下新建檔案:CMakeLists.txt
    3. 連結到gradle中,目的通過gradle來識別編譯指令碼,在執行的時候以依賴的方式來執行CMake
  • gradle配置
android {
    defaultConfig {
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
            		//這裡是打包x86的so,可以改為armabi-v7a等
                arguments "-DANDROID_ABI=x86"
                cppFlags ""
            }
        }
    }
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            path "CMakeLists.txt"
        }
    }
}
  • CMakeLists.txt基本內容如下:
    • add_library:配置我們庫的名稱、型別、和編譯檔案
    • find_library:找尋ndk中的提供的原生庫
    • target_link_libraries:連結指定的庫到我們庫中
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

#指定需傳入三個引數(準備打包生成so函式庫名稱,庫型別,依賴原始檔相對路徑即程式碼路徑)
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             my_native_lib

            # SHARED 動態連結庫  STATIC 靜態連結庫
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

# 用於定位NDK中的庫,通過find來找到,並取個path變數
# 需要傳入兩個引數(path變數、ndk庫名稱)
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
                #變數名取為log-lib
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
            #找ndk中的log庫,即找ndk中的包為liblog.so
              log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

# 指定關聯到原生庫的庫
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                        #我們的庫,與前面的name保持一致
                       my_native_lib

                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                        #要連結進來的庫,如上面指定的path
                       ${log-lib} )
  • 最後的專案結構如下:

到此,基礎配置完成。下一篇開始學習下使用