mac下關於MySQL編碼的問題
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-27
背景
因為Mac的dmg檔案在安裝過程中並沒有選擇編碼的步驟，而是預設的編碼Latein1的格式，導致了中文亂碼的問題。到網上也查詢了不少，一些細節需要注意。
一、修改.cnf檔案。
在etc目錄下面新建一個cnf檔案：my.cnf
cd /etc
vim my.cnf //沒有這個檔案會新建，若有就會開啟進行修改。新增編碼內容：
# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used 注意：然後英文狀態下輸入I ，然後：wq儲存退出
這個時候需要重啟MySQL服務。
重啟方式：兩種
一、命令列方式：
啟動MySQL服務
sudo /usr/local/MySQL/support-files/mysql.server start
停止MySQL服務
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
重啟MySQL服務
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart二、圖形介面 —-偏好設定
重啟之後，MySQL載入了配置檔案。通過兩種方式可以檢視編碼形式
1.登入到MySQL中：mysql -uroot -p之採用：status；命令檢視編碼方式
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 4
Current database: p2p
Current user: [email protected]
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 13 min 28 sec2.採用看變數的方式：show variables like ‘%char%’;
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-macos10.13-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)比較兩種方法：第一種方法不能夠把全部的編碼顯示出來但是顯示出來了資料庫名稱這樣能夠清晰。我再做的過程中發現，修改配置檔案之後，然後再去重啟伺服器，重新登入到資料庫之後，然後再使用我之前的資料庫進行插入到表包含中文的時候仍然報錯。
mysql> use goods ;
Database changed
mysql> insert into employee values(null,'張三','[email protected]','1990-08-23','hr','ddd');
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xBC\xA0\xE4\xB8\x89' for column 'ename' at row 1
mysql> mysql> insert into employee values(null,'lisi','[email protected]','1990-08-23','hr','ddd');
這是因為當時新建goods資料庫的時候預設的編碼就是Latin1導致的
如下：
mysql> use goods;
Database changed
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 4
Current database: goods
Current user: [email protected]
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 19 min 39 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 124 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: 0.008
--------------如果退出MySQL再重新登入去檢視編碼：
mysql> exit;
Bye
liukunlun-mbp:etc liukunlun$ Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 703
Current database:
Current user: [email protected]
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 21 min 26 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 48 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 124 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: 0.009
--------------
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-macos10.13-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
這樣預設的編碼都是utf-8了，這樣新建的資料庫 預設的就是utf-8了
執行中文沒有問題了：
mysql> insert into employee values(null,'李四','[email protected]');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from employee;
+-----+--------+-------------+
| eid | ename | email |
+-----+--------+-------------+
| 1 | 李四 | [email protected] |
+-----+--------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)總結
Mac有的在support-files中並沒有預設的default-*.cnf檔案，沒有關係的 直接在etc的根目錄下面建立這個檔案就行了。
目前沒有解決的問題是：如果修改已經建立的資料庫的編碼（新建的資料庫編碼都是utf-8的了）。原來建立的還是Latin1的格式；
mysql> use goods;
Database changed
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 703
Current database: goods
Current user: [email protected]
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 29 min 29 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 54 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 125 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: 0.010
--------------