1. 程式人生 > >Windows網路程式設計(三):建立TCP連線和收發訊息

Windows網路程式設計(三):建立TCP連線和收發訊息

先看服務端:

// ConsoleApplication3.cpp : 定義控制檯應用程式的入口點。

//

#include "stdafx.h"

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS    //這個宣告要在stdafx.h的後面,但要在其他標頭檔案的前面

#include <winsock2.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <windows.h>

// 需要宣告Winsock庫

#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")

int _tmain
(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { //---------------------- // 此時ws2_32.dll可能還沒有載入,需要用WSAStartup確認已經完成了載入 WSADATA wsaData; int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2),&wsaData); if (iResult != NO_ERROR) { wprintf(L"WSAStartup failed with error: %ld\n", iResult); return 1; }
//---------------------- // 建立一個套接字用於監聽客戶端連線的請求 SOCKET ListenSocket; // 引數一:使用IPv4地址 // 引數二:Socket支援可靠、雙向的連線 // 引數三:Winsock支援多種網路協議,這裡使用TCP協議 ListenSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); if (ListenSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { wprintf(L"socket failed with error: %ld\n"
, WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 1; } //---------------------- // 給套接字繫結埠和ip // 在IPv4下sockaddr_in、SOCKADDR_IN、sockaddr、SOCKADDR可以通用 sockaddr_in service; service.sin_family = AF_INET; // inet_addr()將點十進位制轉換成無符號長整型,也就是in_addr,還有個inet_ntoa函式可以 // 傳入一個in_addr將其轉為點十進位制 service.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //htons主機位元組轉為網路位元組,傳入u_short,htonsl傳入u_long,ntohs和ntohl是這個函式的逆運算 service.sin_port = htons(12000); if (bind(ListenSocket, (SOCKADDR *)service, sizeof(service)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { wprintf(L"bind failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } //---------------------- // 監聽客戶端請求 if (listen(ListenSocket, 1) == SOCKET_ERROR) { wprintf(L"listen failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } SOCKET AcceptSocket; wprintf(L"Waiting for client to connect...\n"); //---------------------- // 接收客戶端的請求 AcceptSocket = accept(ListenSocket, NULL, NULL); if (AcceptSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) { wprintf(L"accept failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 1; } else wprintf(L"Client connected.\n"); closesocket(ListenSocket); WSACleanup(); return 0;

再看客戶端:

// ConsoleApplication2.cpp : 定義控制檯應用程式的入口點。

//

#include "stdafx.h"

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS //使用被棄用函式不警告,位置必須在stdafx.h的後面,在其他標頭檔案的前面

#include <winsock2.h>

#include <ws2tcpip.h>

#include <stdio.h>

// 需要宣告Winsock庫

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

int wmain()

{

   //----------------------

   // 初始化Winsock,確保ws2_32.dll可以使用

   WSADATA wsaData;

   int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);

   if (iResult != NO_ERROR) {

       wprintf(L"WSAStartup function failed with error: %d\n", iResult);

       return 1;

   }

   //----------------------

   // 建立一個套接字用於連線伺服器

   SOCKET ConnectSocket;

   // 引數一:使用IPv4地址

   // 引數二:Socket支援可靠、雙向的連線

   // 引數三:Winsock支援多種網路協議,這裡使用TCP協議

   ConnectSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

   if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {

       wprintf(L"socket function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());

       WSACleanup();

       return 1;

   }

   //----------------------

   // 給套接字繫結埠和ip

   sockaddr_in clientService;

   clientService.sin_family = AF_INET;

   clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

   clientService.sin_port = htons(12000);

   //----------------------

   // 連線到伺服器

   iResult = connect(ConnectSocket, (SOCKADDR *)&clientService, sizeof(clientService));

   if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {

       wprintf(L"connect function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());

       iResult = closesocket(ConnectSocket);

       if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR)

           wprintf(L"closesocket function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());

       WSACleanup();

       return 1;

   }

wprintf(L"Connected to server.\n");



iResult = closesocket(ConnectSocket);

if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {

   wprintf(L"closesocket function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());

   WSACleanup();

   return 1;

}



WSACleanup();

return 0;

在上面的伺服器和客戶端程式碼的基礎上,我們來添加發送和接收TCP訊息的程式碼。伺服器和客戶端連線成功以後就可以進行傳送和接收TCP訊息了,為了減少文章篇幅,只貼上新增加的程式碼。

    char *sendbuf = "test from server";

   int recvbuflen = 512;

   char recvbuf[512];

   // 將緩衝區置0,防止字串出現“燙”

   memset(recvbuf, 0, 512);



   //----------------------

   // 傳送資料

   iResult = send(AcceptSocket, sendbuf, (int)strlen(sendbuf), 0);

   if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR)

   {

       printf("send failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

       closesocket(AcceptSocket);

       WSACleanup();

       return 1;

   }

   printf("Bytes Sent:%d %s \n", iResult,sendbuf);



   //----------------------

   // 當沒有要傳送的資料時關閉連線

   iResult = shutdown(AcceptSocket, SD_SEND);

   if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR)

   {

       printf("shutdown failed with error:%d\n", WSAGetLastError());

       closesocket(AcceptSocket);

       WSACleanup();

       return 1;

   }

   //----------------------

   // 接收資料

   do 

   {

       // 如果連線已經關閉,iResult為0

       iResult = recv(AcceptSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);

       if (iResult != 0)

           printf("Bytes received:%d %s\n", iResult, recvbuf);

       else if (iResult == 0)

           printf("Connection closed\n");

       else

           printf("recv failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());



   } while (iResult != 0);

重點說一下recv()這個函式,如果協議棧中的資料小於recv()接收的緩衝區,recv()會直接接收所有的資料,如果協議棧中的資料大於接收的緩衝區,那麼會將recv()接收的緩衝區填滿,然後再接著接收,如果協議棧中沒有資料recv()會一直等待。