Python3 從零單排10_xml&configparser
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-05
xml模組:
xml是實現不同語言或程式之間進行資料交換的協議,跟json差不多,但json使用起來更簡單,不過,在json還沒誕生的黑暗年代,大家只能選擇用xml呀,至今很多傳統公司如金融行業的很多系統的介面還主要是xml。
xml的格式如下,就是通過<>節點來區別資料結構的:
<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year attr_test="yes" attr_test2="yes">2012</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <yearattr_test="yes" attr_test2="yes">2015</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year attr_test="yes" attr_test2="yes">2015</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country> </data>
xml協議在各個語言裡的都 是支援的,在python中可以用以下模組操作xml
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("test.xml") #類似檔案的開啟open root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0) print(dir(root)) #檢視根的方法 append,clear,extend,find,findall,findtext,get,getchildren,getiterator,insert,items,iter,iterfind,itertext,keys,makeelement,remove,set print(root.tag) #拿到根標籤 # 遍歷xml文件 for child in root: print("--------",child.tag,child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.attrib,i.text) # 只遍歷year節點 for node in root.iter("year"): print(node.tag,node.attrib,node.text) #增刪改查 #把每年+1 for node in root.iter("year"): new_year = int(node.text)+1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("attr_test2","yes") tree.write("test.xml") #刪除node for country in tree.findall("country"): rank = int(country.find("rank").text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write("out_put.xml") #建立xml文件 root = ET.Element("namelist") name = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex") sex.text="female" name2 = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) age2 = ET.SubElement(name2,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) age2.text = "18" et = ET.ElementTree(root) et.write("test2.xml",encoding = "utf-8",xml_declaration=True) #xml_declaration=True xml版本說明 ET.dump(root)
configparser模組
本來字典夠用,但很多如那件都會以config這種形式儲存配置檔案,所以python裡內建了這個模組,本質和字典一樣,巢狀字典
config.ini配置檔案如下
[DEFAULT] ServerAliveInterval = 45 Compression = yes CompressionLevel = 9 ForwardX11 = yes [bitbucket.org] User = hg [topsecret.server.com] Port = 50022 ForwardX11 = no
操作:
import configparser conf = configparser.ConfigParser() #例項化一個config檔案解析的物件 conf.read("conf.ini") #讀取配置檔案為一個字典物件 print(dir(conf)) #可以看到很多和字典類似 print(dir(conf["bitbucket.org"])) #可以看到很多和字典類似 #讀 print(conf.sections()) #不會列印default print(conf.default_section) print(conf["bitbucket.org"]["User"]) #獲取配置項的值 for k in conf["bitbucket.org"]: #列印包含default的所有key,default預設所有節點都有該項配置,所以在迴圈其中一個節點,會列印default print(k) for k,v in conf["bitbucket.org"].items(): #列印包含default的所有key/value print(k,v) print(conf.has_section("asd")) #判斷是否存在該節點 print(conf.has_section("bitbucket.org")) print(conf.has_option("bitbucket.org","asdfg")) #判斷該節點是否存在該key print(conf.has_option("bitbucket.org","User")) #增刪改 任何一個操作都要重新寫檔案才會生效 conf.read("test.ini") print(conf.options("group1")) print(conf["group1"]["k1"]) conf["group2"]["k1"] = "54321" conf.set("group1","k1","123456") conf.write(open("test1.ini","w")) #寫入檔案才會生效 conf.remove_section("group2") #刪除節點,不指定group2的話,會刪除所有section conf.remove_option("group1","k1") #刪除節點下的項,必須指定項,不然報錯 conf.write(open("test.ini","w")) #可以直接以之前的檔案命名,內容會覆蓋