資料整理——Oracle基本概念、術語（Glossary from Oracle Concepts）——第七部分
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-07
將知識凝練成概念的好處是簡單、扼要、規範，這對於知識的應用、普及、擴充套件、深化都是大有裨益的。
| 概念 | 中文 | 描述 |
| index range scan | 索引範圍掃描 | An ordered scan of an index that has the following characteristics: One or more leading columns of an index are specified in conditions. A condition specifies a combination of one or more expressions and logical (Boolean) operators and returns a value of TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN. 0, 1, or more values are possible for an index key. |
| index scan | 索引掃描 | The retrieval of a row by traversing an index, using the indexed column values specified by the statement. |
| index segment | 索引段 | A segment that stores data for a nonpartitioned index or index partition. |
| index skip scan | 索引跳躍式掃描 |
An index scan that uses logical subindexes of a composite index. The database "skips" through a single index as if it were searching separate indexes. |
| index unique scan | 索引唯一掃描 | An index scan that must have either 0 or 1 rowid associated with an index key. The database performs a unique scan when a predicate references all of the columns in the key of a UNIQUE index using an equality operator. |
| information system | 資訊系統 | A formal system for storing and processing information. |
| initialization parameter | 初始化引數 | A configuration parameter such as DB_NAME or SGA_TARGET that affects the operation of a database instance. Settings for initialization parameters are stored in a text-based initialization parameter file or binary server parameter file. |
| initialization parameter file | 初始化引數檔案 | A text file that contains initialization parameter settings for a database instance. |
| In-Memory Column Store | 記憶體內列儲存 | An optional SGA area that stores copies of tables and partitions in a columnar format optimized for rapid scans. |
| inner join | 內連線 | A join of two or more tables that returns only those rows that satisfy the join condition. |
| instance failure | 例項故障 | The termination of a database instance because of a hardware failure, Oracle internal error, or SHUTDOWN ABORT statement. |
| instance PGA | 例項PGA | The collection of individual PGAs in a database instance. |
| instance recovery | 例項恢復 | The automatic application of redo log records to uncommitted data blocks when an database instance is restarted after a failure. |
| INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF觸發器 | A trigger that is fired by Oracle Database instead of executing the triggering statement. These triggers are useful for transparently modifying views that cannot be modified directly through DML statements. |
| integrity | 資料完整性 | See data integrity. |
| integrity constraint | 資料完整性 | Declarative method of defining a rule for a column. The integrity constraints enforce business rules and prevent the entry of invalid information into tables. |
| ITL (interested transaction list) | 相關事務列表（ITL） | Information in a block header that determines whether a transaction was uncommitted when the database began modifying the block. Entries in the ITL describe which transactions have rows locked and which rows in the block contain committed and uncommitted changes. |
| interval partition | 間隔分割槽 | An extension of range partitioning that instructs the database to create partitions of the specified range or interval. The database automatically creates the partitions when data inserted into the table exceeds all existing range partitions. |
| invisible index | 不可見索引 | An index that is maintained by DML operations, but is not used by default by the optimizer. Making an index invisible is an alternative to making it unusable or dropping it. |
| invoker's rights PL/SQL procedure | 呼叫者許可權PL/SQL過程 | A procedure that executes in the current user's schema with the current user's privileges. |
| Java pool | Java池 | An area of memory that stores all session-specific Java code and data within the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). |
| Jpublisher (Java Publisher) | Java釋出程式（JPublisher） | A utility that generates Java classes to represent database entities, such as SQL objects and PL/SQL packages, in a Java client program. |
| Java stored procedure | Java儲存過程 | A Java method published to SQL and stored in the database. |
| JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) | JSON（JavaScript 物件表示法） | A language-independent, text-based data format that can represent objects, arrays, and scalar data. |
| JavaScript object | JavaScript 物件 | An associative array of zero or more pairs of property names and associated JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) values. |
| job queue process | 工作佇列程序 | An optional background process that runs user jobs, often in batch mode. A job is a user-defined task scheduled to run one or more times. |
| join | 連線 | A statement that retrieves data from multiple tables specified in the FROM clause. Join types include inner joins, outer joins, and Cartesian joins. |
| join attribute clustering | 連線屬性聚類 | In an attribute-clustered table, clustering that is based on joined columns. |
| join condition | 連線條件 | A condition that compares two columns, each from a different table, in a join. The database combines pairs of rows, each containing one row from each table, for which the join condition evaluates to TRUE. |
| join view | 連線檢視 | A view whose definition includes multiple tables or views in the FROM clause. |
| JSON object | JSON物件 | A JavaScript object literal written as a property listed enclosed in braces. See also JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). |
| JVM | Java虛擬機器 | A virtual processor that runs compiled Java code. |
| key | 鍵 | Column or set of columns included in the definition of certain types of integrity constraints. |
| key-preserved table | 鍵保留表 | In a join query, a table in which each row appears at most one time in the output of the query. |
| key compression | 鍵壓縮 | Alternative name for prefix compression, See prefix compression. |
| key values | 鍵值 | Individual values in a key. |
| LOB (large object) | 大物件 | See LOB. |
| large pool | 大池 | Optional area in the SGA that provides large memory allocations for backup and restore operations, I/O server processes, and session memory for the shared server and Oracle XA. |
| latch | 閂鎖 | A low-level serialization control mechanism used to protect shared data structures in the SGA from simultaneous access. |