Apache + Tomcat基於HTTP協議實現反代、動靜分離、負載均衡和session會話保持
1、演示環境:
IP |
作業系統 |
部署程式 |
192.168.1.143 |
CentOS 7.6 |
Apache |
192.168.1.144 |
CentOS 7.6 |
Tomcat |
192.168.1.145 |
CentOS 7.6 |
Tomcat |
2、配置192.168.1.144節點的主機名:
# vim /etc/hosts --> 192.168.1.144 TomcatA.qiuyue.com TomcatA
# vim /etc/hostname --> TomcatA
# hostnamectl set-hostname TomcatA
# hostname TomcatA
# logout
Ctrl + Shift + r
# hostname
3、配置192.168.1.145節點的主機名:
# vim /etc/hosts --> 192.168.1.145 TomcatB.qiuyue.com TomcatB
# vim /etc/hostname --> TomcatB
# hostnamectl set-hostname TomcatB
# hostname TomcatB
# logout
Ctrl + Shift + r
# hostname
4、192.168.1.144節點自定義Tomcat Host虛擬主機:
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf
# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
# vim server.xml,在</Host>和</Engine>之間新增如下程式碼:
<Host name="TomcatA.qiuyue.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs" prefix="TomcatA_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
5、192.168.1.145節點自定義Tomcat Host虛擬主機:
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf
# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
# vim server.xml,在</Host>和</Engine>之間新增如下程式碼:
<Host name="TomcatB.qiuyue.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs" prefix="TomcatB_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
6、192.168.1.144節點建立如下目錄及測試頁:
# mkdir -pv /data/{webapps,logs}
# mkdir -pv /data/webapps/ROOT
# vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.qiuyue.com</font></h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("qiuyue.com","qiuyue.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created ON</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
7、192.168.1.145節點建立如下目錄及測試頁:
# mkdir -pv /data/{webapps,logs}
# mkdir -pv /data/webapps/ROOT
# vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.qiuyue.com</font></h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("qiuyue.com","qiuyue.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created ON</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
8、192.168.1.144節點新增jvmRoute引數:# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">修改為
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
9、192.168.1.145節點新增jvmRoute引數:# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">修改為
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
10、分別啟動192.168.1.144節點和192.168.1.145節點上的Tomcat:
# catalina.sh stop # catalina.sh configtest # catalina.sh start # ss -tunlp | grep -w :8080
11、配置192.168.1.143節點/etc/hosts檔案:# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.144 TomcatA.qiuyue.com TomcatA
192.168.1.145 TomcatB.qiuyue.com TomcatB
12、在192.168.1.143節點中使用curl命令訪問:
# curl http://TomcatA.qiuyue.com:8080 //能正常顯示文字內容
# curl http://TomcatB.qiuyue.com:8080 //能正常顯示文字內容
13、192.168.1.143節點安裝Apache實現反代、動靜分離和負載均衡:
# yum -y install httpd
# cd /etc/httpd/conf
# cp httpd.conf httpd.conf.bak
# vim httpd.conf
Ø 新增程式碼:ServerName localhost:80
Ø 註釋程式碼:DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
# httpd -t # systemctl start httpd.service # ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
# httpd -M | grep proxy
(1)配置status狀態頁面:
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf,末尾新增如下程式碼:
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Require all granted
</Location>
備註:此處未做訪問控制,status狀態頁面用於測試反代功能
# httpd -t # systemctl reload httpd.service # ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
本地瀏覽器訪問:
192.168.1.143
192.168.1.143/server-status
(2)配置虛擬主機:# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<Proxy balancer://testcluster>
BalancerMember http://TomcatA.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://TomcatB.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName web.qiuyue.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass /server-status !
ProxyPass / balancer://testcluster/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://testcluster/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
# httpd -t # systemctl reload httpd.service # ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
備註:常用指令說明
Ø ProxyVia On:每個請求和響應報文的HTTP首部均新增Via,用於在多級代理中控制代理請求的流向
Ø ProxyRequests Off:關閉Apache正向代理功能,開啟反代功能必須關閉正向代理功能
Ø ProxyPreserveHost On:啟用此功能,代理會將使用者請求報文中的Host:行傳送給後端伺服器,而不再使用ProxyPass指定的伺服器地址,如果想在反代中支援虛擬主機,則需要開啟此項
Ø ProxyPass PATH !|URL:將後端伺服器某URL與當前伺服器的某虛擬路徑關聯起來作為提供服務的路徑,PATH為當前伺服器上的某虛擬路徑,URL為後端伺服器上某URL路徑,使用此指令時必須將ProxyRequests的值設定為Off,而且如果PATH以/結尾,則對應的URL也必須以/結尾,反之亦然
Ø ProxyPa***everse:讓Apache調整HTTP重定向響應報文中的Location、Content-Location及URI標籤所對應的URL,在反代環境中必須使用此指令避免重定向報文繞過Proxy伺服器
(3)本地瀏覽器訪問:
192.168.1.143
192.168.1.143/server-status
192.168.1.143/index.jsp,訪問的是預設虛擬主機
(4)修改192.168.1.144節點Tomcat預設虛擬主機:
# catalina.sh stop
# vim server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">修改為
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="TomcatA.qiuyue.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
# catalina.sh configtest # catalina.sh start # ss -tunlp | grep -w :8080
(5)修改192.168.1.145節點Tomcat預設虛擬主機:
# catalina.sh stop
# vim server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">修改為
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="TomcatB.qiuyue.com" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
# catalina.sh configtest # catalina.sh start # ss -tunlp | grep -w :8080
(6)本地瀏覽器重新訪問192.168.1.143/index.jsp
輪詢顯示,Session ID一直在變:
14、配置proxy_balancer_module內建的manager:# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<Proxy balancer://testcluster>
BalancerMember http://TomcatA.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://TomcatB.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName web.qiuyue.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass /server-status !
ProxyPass /balancer-manager !
ProxyPass / balancer://testcluster/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://testcluster/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
# httpd -t # systemctl reload httpd.service # ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
本地瀏覽器訪問:192.168.1.143/balancer-manager
15、實現session會話保持:# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
<Proxy balancer://testcluster>
BalancerMember http://TomcatA.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember http://TomcatB.qiuyue.com:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
ProxySet lbmethod=bybusyness stickysession=ROUTEID
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName web.qiuyue.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass /server-status !
ProxyPass /balancer-manager !
ProxyPass / balancer://testcluster/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://testcluster/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
備註:lbmethod為Apache實現負載均衡的排程方法,預設為byrequests,即基於權重將統計請求個數進行排程;bytraffic則基於權重的流量計數排程;bybusyness通過考量每個後端伺服器的當前負載進行排程。
# httpd -t # systemctl reload httpd.service # ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
本地瀏覽器訪問:
192.168.1.143,無論如何重新整理,頁面都不會改變:
Google Chrome瀏覽器F12:
備註:關閉瀏覽器,重新開啟並訪問192.168.1.143,會基於新的Cookie值進行會話保持
192.168.1.143/balancer-manager