Let's Encrypt 安裝配置教程，免費的 SSL 證書
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-11
安裝Let’s Encrypt
安裝非常簡單直接克隆就可以了
git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/letsencrypt
生成萬用字元證書
期間需要根據提示設定DNS TXT記錄,用作你對判斷你是否擁有域名使用權
cd letsencrypt ./certbot-auto certonly -d *.you.cn --manual --preferred-challenges dns --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
其中"you.cn"換成你的一級域名即可
| 引數 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| certonly | 表示安裝模式，Certbot 有安裝模式和驗證模式兩種型別的外掛。 |
| –manual | 表示手動安裝外掛，Certbot 有很多外掛，不同的外掛都可以申請證書，使用者可以根據需要自行選擇 |
| -d | 為那些主機申請證書，如果是萬用字元，輸入 *.you.cn（可以替換為你自己的一級域名） |
| –preferred-challenges dns | 使用 DNS 方式校驗域名所有權 |
| –server | Let’s Encrypt ACME v2 版本使用的伺服器不同於 v1 版本，需要顯示指定。 |
接著可以看到下面介面結果：
Dependency Installed:
dwz.x86_64 0:0.11-3.el7 perl-srpm-macros.noarch 0:1-8.el7 tcl.x86_64 1:8.5.13-8.el7 tix.x86_64 1:8.4.3-12.el7 tk.x86_64 1:8.5.13-6.el7 tkinter.x86_64 0:2.7.5-69.el7_5
Complete!
Creating virtual environment...
Installing Python packages...
Installation succeeded.
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): 接下來需要輸入些指令
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: N
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
dns-01 challenge for kuaichuangkeji.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
your server, please ensure you're okay with that.
Are you OK with your IP being logged?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
這裡有幾個需互動的提示
- 是否同意 Let’s Encrypt 協議要求=>需要同意
- 是否分享你的郵箱
- 詢問是否對域名和機器（IP）進行繫結=>需要同意
需要注意的地方：
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
_acme-challenge.you.cn with the following value:
RYtObhDvEcXewZckknNQkBKIkvwIlbb4PNRel74LNwU
Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Press Enter to Continue
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
要求配置 DNS TXT 記錄，從而校驗域名所有權，也就是判斷證書申請者是否有域名的所有權。
上面輸出要求給 _acme-challenge.you.cn 配置一條 TXT 記錄，在沒有確認 TXT 記錄生效之前不要回車執行。
我用的是阿里雲的域名伺服器，控制檯具體操作如下圖所示：
確認生效後，回車執行，輸出如下
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2019-02-27. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"certbot-auto renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
看到這個介面內容的話，恭喜你，證書安裝成功了。
證書續簽
注:證書在到期前30天才會續簽成功,但為了確保證書在執行過程中不過期,官方建議每天自動執行續簽兩次;
使用crontab自動續期
crontab -e // 編輯定時任務
0 */12 * * * certbot renew --quiet --renew-hook "/etc/init.d/nginx reload"
- 需要注意"/etc/init.d/nginx reload"為nginx重啟命令，需要根據自己伺服器的重啟命令重啟即可；這裡建議使用reload，不推薦使用restart，因為這樣萬一配錯了，也不會影響伺服器其他專案的執行
證書儲存的路徑[配置nginx需要用到的]
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem
nginx 開啟 https
證書生成完成後可以到 /etc/letsencrypt/live/ 目錄下檢視對應域名的證書檔案。編輯 nginx 配置檔案監聽 443 埠，啟用 SSL，並配置 SSL 的公鑰、私鑰證書路徑：
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name you.cn;
root /home/www/you;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem;
...
}
新增 HTTP 自動跳轉到 HTTPS：
server {
listen 80;
server_name you.cn;
location / {
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
}
}
配置好nginx後，重啟nginx
證書安裝成功後，該域名下的所有二級域名都可以使用噢
取消證書
可以使用一下命令取消剛剛生成的密匙，也就是以上的反操作：
certbot revoke --cert-path /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/cert.pem
certbot delete --cert-name you.cn
參考的網址有
- https://sanonz.github.io/2017/let’s-encrypt-free-ssl-https/
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/c5c9d071e395
- https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000005142228
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/e321cc362e5d
- https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017095044
- https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000005142228
- https://wp.wt629.com/archives/338
- https://www.yiichina.com/tutorial/1219