備註：工作需要開始學習oracle,之前只學習過mysql的一些基礎東東，oracle對我而言是一個新的資料體系，作為初學者，很多地方可能寫的不對，只是個人理解，誤導之處，請諒解，求指正！[Byrd：2016年7月3日]   環境基礎:   虛擬機器IP(LINUX):1.1.1.212  本地IP(WIN):1.1.1.1  變數配置：   [[email protected] ~]# uname -a  Linux oracle01.db.hangzhou.t4x.org 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux  [

[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release  CentOS release 6.4 (Final)  [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /byrd/{tools,service} -p  [[email protected] tools]# grep "keepcache=1" /etc/yum.conf  keepcache=1  [[email protected] tools]# echo "127.0.0.1    $(uname -n)" >>/etc/hosts               [

[email protected] tools]# grep oracle01 /etc/hosts  127.0.0.1    oracle01.db.hangzhou.t4x.org  [[email protected] tools]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ wget vim openssl openssl-devel lrzsz tree unzip -y  [[email protected] tools]# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio  libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel  [

[email protected] tools]# yum install numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel -y  [[email protected] tools]# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libXi make sysstat  [[email protected] tools]# yum install compat-libstdc++ libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libXi -y  [[email protected] tools]# yum install ksh nfs-utils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 -y   #最後檢測時候這幾個沒有安裝  [[email protected] tools]# tree /byrd/  /byrd/  ├── service  └── tools      ├── linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip      ├── linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip      ├── linuxamd64_12102_grid_1of2.zip      └── linuxamd64_12102_grid_2of2.zip  [[email protected] tools]# free -m               total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached  Mem:          2872       2743        128          0          7       2540  -/+ buffers/cache:        195       2676  Swap:          991          0        991  [[email protected] tools]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=10g /dev/shm  [[email protected] tools]# df -h /dev/shm/  Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  shmfs                  10G     0   10G   0% /dev/shm  [[email protected] tools]# df -h  Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root                         29G  5.7G   22G  22% /  tmpfs                  10G     0   10G   0% /dev/shm  /dev/sda1             485M   32M  429M   7% /boot  shmfs                  10G     0   10G   0% /dev/shm  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd oinstall  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd -g 502 dba  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd -g 503 oper  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd -g 504 asmadmin  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd -g 505 asmoper  [[email protected] tools]# groupadd -g 506 asmdba  [[email protected] tools]# useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle  [[email protected] tools]# useradd -u 503 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid  [[email protected] tools]# tail /etc/security/limits.conf  oracle           soft    nproc   2047  oracle           hard    nproc   16384  oracle           soft    nofile  1024  oracle           hard    nofile  65536  oracle           soft    stack   10240  oracle           hard    stack   10240  grid           soft    nproc   2047  grid           hard    nproc   16384  grid           soft    nofile  1024  grid           hard    nofile  65536  [[email protected] tools]# tail -13 /etc/sysctl.conf   kernel.shmall = 4294967296  fs.suid_dumpable = 1  fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576  fs.file-max = 6815744  kernel.shmall = 2097152  kernel.shmmax = 536870912  kernel.shmmni = 4096  kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500  net.core.rmem_default = 262144  net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  net.core.wmem_default = 262144  net.core.wmem_max = 1048586  [[email protected] tools]# sysctl -p  [[email protected] tools]# mkdir /data/app/oracle -p  [[email protected] tools]# mkdir /data/app/grid  [[email protected] tools]# chown -R grid:oinstall /data  [[email protected] tools]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/oracle  [[email protected] tools]# chmod -R 755 /data  [[email protected] tools]# tail -4 /home/grid/.bash_profile  export PATH  export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/grid  export ORACLE_SID=+ASM  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/grid  [[email protected] tools]# tail -4 /home/oracle/.bash_profile      export PATH  export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle  export ORACLE_SID=orcl  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1  

ASM配置：  

[[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY  Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]     1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [100%]  [[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  warning: oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY  error: Failed dependencies:          oracleasm >= 1.0.4 is needed by oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64  [[email protected] tools]# yum install oracleasmlib*  [[email protected] tools]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure  Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.  This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library  driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is  loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values  will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an  answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.     Default user to own the driver interface []: grid  Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin  Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y  Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y  Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done  Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver:                     [FAILED]  [[email protected] tools]# find / -name oracleasm.ko  /lib/modules/2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64/extra/oracleasm/oracleasm.ko  /lib/modules/2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64/weak-updates/oracleasm/oracleasm.ko  [[email protected] tools]# reboot  Last login: Fri Jul  1 23:24:29 2016 from 1.1.1.1  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure  Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.     This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library  driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is  loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values  will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an  answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.     Default user to own the driver interface [grid]:  Default group to own the driver interface [asmadmin]:  Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]:  Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:  Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done  Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver:                     [  OK  ]  Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks:               [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm status  Checking if ASM is loaded: yes  Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes  [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1  Marking disk "DISK1" as an ASM disk:                       [FAILED]  [[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1  Marking disk "DISK1" as an ASM disk:                       [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK2 /dev/sdc1  Marking disk "DISK2" as an ASM disk:                       [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK3 /dev/sdd1  Marking disk "DISK3" as an ASM disk:                       [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK4 /dev/sde1  Marking disk "DISK4" as an ASM disk:                       [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK5 /dev/sdf1  Marking disk "DISK5" as an ASM disk:                       [  OK  ]  [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks  DISK1  DISK2  DISK3  DISK4  DISK5   grid安裝：  

[[email protected] ~]# chown grid /byrd/tools/linuxamd64_12102_grid_*  [[email protected] ~]# chown grid /byrd/tools/  [[email protected] ~]# su - grid  [[email protected] ~]$ cd /byrd/tools/  [[email protected] tools]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_grid_1of2.zip  [[email protected] tools]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_grid_2of2.zip  [[email protected] ~]$ export DISPLAY=1.1.1.1:0.0  [[email protected] tools]$ /byrd/tools/grid/runInstaller  #####################安裝一個Xmanager Enterprise 5--Xmanager - Passive#####################  #####################安裝過程請看下面的圖片#####################  [[email protected] tools]$ cat /data/app/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml     #檢視安裝資訊  

  ASM：配置   [[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /home/grid/.bash_profile  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  [[email protected] ~]$ . .bash_profile  [[email protected] ~]$ echo $PATH  /data/app/grid/product/12.1.0/grid/bin:/data/app/grid/product/12.1.0/grid/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/grid/bin:/home/grid/bin  [[email protected] ~]$ export DISPLAY=1.1.1.1:0.0  [[email protected] ~]$ xhost +           access control disabled, clients can connect from any host  [[email protected] tools]$ asmca  #####################安裝過程請看下面的圖片#####################   1：建立asm恢復組  

2：配置Fast Recovery Area  

oRACLE安裝：   [[email protected] tools]# chown oracle.oinstall linuxamd64_12102_database_*  [[email protected] tools]# chown oracle linuxamd64_12102_database_*          [[email protected] tools]# chown oracle ../tools/  [[email protected] tools]# su - oracle  [[email protected] ~]$ cd /byrd/tools/  [[email protected] tools]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  [[email protected] tools]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip  [[email protected] tools]$ /byrd/tools/database/runInstaller  >>> Ignoring required pre-requisite failures. Continuing...  Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-07-02_10-29-26AM. Please wait ...[[email protected] tools]$ You can find the log of this install session at:   /data/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-07-02_10-29-26AM.log  #####################安裝過程請看下面的圖片#####################     建立oracle資料庫：   [[email protected] tools]# tail -1 /home/oracle/.bash_profile  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  [[email protected] tools]$ . ~/.bash_profile  [[email protected] tools]$ export DISPLAY=1.1.1.1:0.0   [[email protected] tools]$ dbca  #####################安裝過程請看下面的圖片#####################    

檢視狀態：   [[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v  CRS-275: This command is not supported in Oracle Restart environment.   [[email protected] ~]$ crsctl status res -t  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Name           Target  State        Server                   State details        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Local Resources  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  ora.DATA.dg                 ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 STABLE  ora.FRA.dg                 ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 STABLE  ora.LISTENER.lsnr                 ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 STABLE  ora.asm                 ONLINE  INTERMEDIATE oracle01                 CHECK TIMED OUT,STAB                                                               LE  ora.ons                 OFFLINE OFFLINE      oracle01                 STABLE  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Cluster Resources  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  ora.cssd        1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 STABLE  ora.diskmon        1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE  ora.evmd        1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 STABLE  ora.orcl.db        1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oracle01                 Open,STABLE  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   [[email protected] tools]$ sqlplus / as sysdba  SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Jul 2 14:07:10 2016  Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  Connected to:  Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production  With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics  and Real Application Testing options   核心配置建議：   kernel.shmmax  關於核心引數kernel.shmmax，oracle 建議，kernel.shmmax的值不能少於實體記憶體的一半，而且要大於Oracle中sga-max-size的值，否則會造成oracle效能下降  一般32bit作業系統，直接設定為系統支援的最大記憶體即可，64bit作業系統設定大於sga-max-size的值即可  如：當前記憶體為2G 則kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152  當前記憶體為8G則 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032  Kernel.shmall  Shmall指系統一次可以使用的共享記憶體段的最大數量，以頁為單位。Oracle預設設定為 kernel.shmall = 2097152  即最大8G（2097152*4/1024/1024），（在調整SGA時需要注意，SGA大小設定不可超過該值），根據系統記憶體大小和使用的不同可以參考如下：設定的一般規律  kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152    ---記憶體8G  kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304    ---記憶體16G  kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608    ---記憶體32G  （RedHat linux系統中頁大小為4096即4K，實際環境以getconf PAGE_SIZE結果為準）  kernel.shmmni  shmmni 指系統共享記憶體段的最大數量  oracle設定預設值為4096，一般是足夠用了，不需要調整  檔案控制代碼數的相關核心引數設定  fs.file-max  fs.file-max指系統能夠開啟最大的檔案控制代碼數  oracle建議設定為65536，一般不用修改  訊號的相關核心引數設定  kernel.sem  kernel.sem是指 semmsl，semmns，semopm，semmni這4個引數  semmsl 指每個線號集的最大訊號數，Oracle建議是設定為oracle的最大程序數+10  semmni 指整個系統的訊號集的最大數量  semmns 指整個系統的訊號總數，也就是semmni*semmsl的結果  semopm 指每個semop系統呼叫可以執行的訊號操作的最大數量  oracle預設設定  semmsl=250  semmns=3200  semopm=100  semmni=128  即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128  例：在oracle  ora.init檔案引數中設定PROCESSES引數為5000  則semmsl=5010,semmni=128，semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280  另外semopm建議設定等於semmsl值即5010  那麼kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128  網路相關的核心引數設定  net.core.rmem_default  net.core.rmem_default 指網路套接字的預設接收緩衝區的大小，oracle建議設定為265K即262144  net.core.rmem_max  net.core.rmem_max 指網路套接字的最大接收緩衝區的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建議設定為256k即262144  oracle11g建議設定為4M 即4194304  net.core.wmem_default  net.core.wmem_default指網路套接字的預設傳送緩衝區的大小，oracle建議設定為265K即262144  net.core.wmem_max  net.core.wmem_max  指網路套接字的最大發送緩衝區的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建議設定為256k即262144  oracle11g建議設定為1M即1048576  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ，指本地的允許開啟隨機埠範圍  oracle10g前建議埠範圍為1024 65000，oracle11g建議埠範圍為：  9000 65500 並忽略oracle安裝程式任何關於這個引數的警告  Asynchronous I/O相關的核心引數設定  fs.aio-max-nr  fs.aio-max-nr 指系統允許的最大的非同步IO請求大小  oracle預設設定為1M即1048576，一般不用更改