Django 學習之路：Django之強大的Form功能
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-11
Django之強大的Form功能
Form Form的驗證思路
前端：form表單
後臺：建立form類，當請求到來時，先匹配，匹配出正確和錯誤資訊。
Django的Form驗證例項：
建立project，進行基礎配置檔案配置
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
)
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ]
init.py
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01.views import account
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^form1/', account.form1),
# url(r'^test/', account.test),
]
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01.forms import Form1 def form1(request): if request.method=="POST": #這裡POST一定要大寫 #通常獲取請求資訊 #request.POST.get("user",None) #request.POST.get("pwd",None) #獲取請求內容，做驗證 f = Form1(request.POST) #request.POST：將接收到的資料通過Form1驗證 if f.is_valid(): #驗證請求的內容和Form1裡面的是否驗證通過。通過是True，否則False。 print(f.cleaned_data) #cleaned_data型別是字典，裡面是提交成功後的資訊 else: #錯誤資訊包含是否為空，或者符合正則表示式的規則 print(type(f.errors),f.errors) #errors型別是ErrorDict，裡面是ul，li標籤 return render(request,"account/form1.html",{"error":f.errors}) return render(request,"account/form1.html")
html：
<body> {#{{ error }}接收後臺返回的錯誤資訊封裝在ul，li標籤裡面：#} {{ error }} <form action="/form1/" method="POST"> <div> <input type="text" name="user" /> </div> <div> <input type="text" name="pwd" /> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </div> </form> </body>
from django import forms
class Form1(forms.Form):
user = forms.CharField()
pwd = forms.CharField()
訪問頁面：
.is_valid()：返回True或者False
.cleaned_data：通過驗證後的資料
errors： .error.get(“user”,None)error封裝所有的錯誤資訊，如果沒有獲取到，預設為None。
如：
.error.get[“pwd”]直接獲取到ul、li。
如：
from django import forms
class Form1(forms.Form):
user = forms.CharField()
pwd = forms.CharField()
HTML：
<form action="/form1/" method="POST">
<div class="input-group">
{#接收後臺傳過來的form物件，自動生成input標籤#}
{{ form.user }}
{#從後臺傳過來的error是字典，直接{{ error.user.0 }}呈現錯誤資訊#}
{#如果後臺返回了錯誤資訊，將錯誤資訊放入span標籤，在頁面顯示，否則不顯示#}
{% if error.user.0 %}
<span>{{ error.user.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.pwd }}
{% if error.pwd.0 %}
<span>{{ error.pwd.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</div>
</form>
def form1(request):
if request.method == "POST":
f = Form1(request.POST)
if f.is_valid():
print(f.cleaned_data)
else:
return render(request,"account/form1.html",{"error":f.errors,"form":f})
else:
# 如果不是post提交資料，就不傳引數建立物件，並將物件返回給前臺，直接生成input標籤，內容為空
f = Form1()
return render(request,"account/form1.html",{"form":f})
return render(request,"account/form1.html")
注意：
注：這裡的input標籤是後端返回form物件到前端通過{{ form.xxx }}所建立的
更強大的功能：
forms裡面的欄位：
required：是否可以為空。required=True 不可以為空，required=False 可以為空
max_length=4 最多4個值，超過不會顯示
min_length=2 至少兩個值，少於兩個會返回提示資訊
error_messages={'required': '郵箱不能為空', 'invalid': '郵箱格式錯誤'} 自定義錯誤資訊，invalid 是格式錯誤
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'c1'}) 給自動生成的input標籤自定義class屬性
widget=forms.Textarea() 生成Textarea標籤。widget預設生成input標籤
實戰：
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Author(models.Model):
"""
作者
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
age = models.IntegerField()
class BookType(models.Model):
"""
圖書型別
"""
caption = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class Book(models.Model):
"""
圖書
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
pages = models.IntegerField()
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10,decimal_places=2)
pubdate = models.DateField()
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
book_type = models.ForeignKey(BookType)
from django import forms
from app01 import models
class Form1(forms.Form):
user = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'c1'}),
error_messages={'required': '使用者名稱不能為空'}, )
pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=4, min_length=2,required=True)
email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'required': '郵箱不能為空', 'invalid': '郵箱格式錯誤'})
memo = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.Textarea()
)
#直接寫資料
# user_type_choice = (
# (0, '普通使用者'),
# (1, '高階使用者'),
# )
#通過BookType表查詢資訊，values_list拿到的是元組。id作為value顯示，caption作為text在頁面顯示
# user_type_choice = models.BookType.objects.values_list('id', 'caption')
# book_type = forms.CharField(
# widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=user_type_choice, attrs={'class': "form-control"}))
#寫上以下程式碼就不用擔心資料庫添加了資料而不能及時獲取了
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
#每次建立Form1物件時執行init方法
super(Form1, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['book_type'] = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=models.BookType.objects.values_list('id', 'caption'),
attrs={'class': "form-control"}))
HTML：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.input-group{
position: relative;
padding: 20px;
width: 250px;
}
.input-group input{
width: 200px;
display: inline-block;
}
.inline-group span{
display: inline-block;
position: absolute;
height: 12px;
font-size: 8px;
border: 1px solid red;
background-color: coral;
color: white;
top: 41px;
left: 20px;
width: 202px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/form1/" method="POST">
<div class="input-group">
{# 接收後臺傳過來的form物件，自動生成input標籤#}
{{ form.user }}
{# 從後臺傳過來的error是字典，直接{{ error.user.0 }}呈現錯誤資訊#}
{# 如果後臺返回了錯誤資訊，將錯誤資訊放入span標籤，在頁面顯示，否則不顯示#}
{% if error.user.0 %}
<span>{{ error.user.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.pwd }}
{% if error.pwd.0 %}
<span>{{ error.pwd.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.email }}
{% if error.email.0 %}
<span>{{ error.email.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.memo }}
{% if error.memo.0 %}
<span>{{ error.memo.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.book_type }}
{% if error.book_type.0 %}
<span>{{ error.book_type.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01.forms import Form1
from app01.models import *
# def test(req):
# BookType.objects.create(caption='技術')
# BookType.objects.create(caption='文學')
# BookType.objects.create(caption='動漫')
# BookType.objects.create(caption='男人裝')
# return HttpResponse("ok")
def form1(request):
if request.method == "POST":
f = Form1(request.POST)
if f.is_valid():
print(f.cleaned_data)
else:
return render(request,"account/form1.html",{"error":f.errors,"form":f})
else:
# 如果不是post提交資料，就不傳引數建立物件，並將物件返回給前臺，直接生成input標籤，內容為空
f = Form1()
return render(request,"account/form1.html",{"form":f})
return render(request,"account/form1.html")
Django裡面沒有手機驗證，沒有的需要自定義
示例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手機號碼格式錯誤')
class PublishForm(forms.Form):
user_type_choice = (
(0, u'普通使用者'),
(1, u'高階使用者'),
)
user_type = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=user_type_choice,
attrs={'class': "form-control"}))
title = forms.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': u'標題不能為空',
'min_length': u'標題最少為5個字元',
'max_length': u'標題最多為20個字元'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'標題5-20個字元'}))
memo = forms.CharField(required=False,
max_length=256,
widget=forms.widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': "form-control no-radius", 'placeholder': u'詳細描述', 'rows': 3}))
phone = forms.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': u'手機不能為空'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手機號碼'}))
email = forms.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'郵箱不能為空','invalid': u'郵箱格式錯誤'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'郵箱'}))
Form
def publish(request):
ret = {'status': False, 'data': '', 'error': '', 'summary': ''}
if request.method == 'POST':
request_form = PublishForm(request.POST)
if request_form.is_valid():
request_dict = request_form.clean()
print request_dict
ret['status'] = True
else:
error_msg = request_form.errors.as_json()
ret['error'] = json.loads(error_msg)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
View